Implementation Guidance: Slide Deck for Teacher Professional Development - Haßler, Björn; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Regis, Callista; Blower, Tom (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Author:OpenDevEd; AuthorFirst:Haßler; ___duplicate_item; _yl:o4b

Implementation Guidance: Teacher Professional Development [Facilitators Version] - Haßler, Björn; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Regis, Callista; Blower, Tom (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Author:OpenDevEd; AuthorFirst:Haßler; ___duplicate_item; _yl:o4a

Implementation Planning: Parental Support for the Academic Recovery Programme - Haßler, Björn; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Regis, Callista; Blower, Tom (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Author:OpenDevEd; AuthorFirst:Haßler; ___duplicate_item; _yl:o8a; _zenodoETH:submitted

Implementation Planning: SPED Internal Referral Form - Haßler, Björn; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Regis, Callista; Blower, Tom (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Author:OpenDevEd; AuthorFirst:Haßler; ___duplicate_item; _yl:o6b; _zenodoETH:submitted

Implementation Planning: SPED Referral Flowchart - Haßler, Björn; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Regis, Callista; Blower, Tom (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Author:OpenDevEd; AuthorFirst:Haßler; ___duplicate_item; _yl:o6a; _zenodoETH:submitted

Implementation Planning: SPED Support Plan Template - Haßler, Björn; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Regis, Callista; Blower, Tom (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Author:OpenDevEd; AuthorFirst:Haßler; ___duplicate_item; _yl:o6c; _zenodoETH:submitted

Caribbean Learning Recovery Programme - Leadership for Learning - Haßler, Björn; Regis, Callista; Khalayleh, Abdullah; McBurnie, Chris; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Blower, Tom (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Author:OpenDevEd; AuthorFirst:Haßler; _yl:o1a; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH:submitted

Planning Tool - Haßler, Björn; Regis, Callista; Khalayleh, Abdullah; McBurnie, Chris; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Blower, Tom (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Author:OpenDevEd; AuthorFirst:Haßler; _yl:r1; _zenodo:submitted; _zenodoETH:submitted

Leadership team coaching: Developing collective transformational leadership - Hawkins, Peter (Kogan Page Publishers, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation

Synchronous distance education vs traditional education for health science students: A systematic review and meta-analysis - He, Liyun; Yang, Na; Xu, Lingling; Ping, Fan; Li, Wei; Sun, Qi; Li, Yuxiu; Zhu, Huijuan; Zhang, Huabing (Medical Education, 2021)
Context Synchronous distance education (SDE) has been widely used for health science students in recent years. This study examined the effectiveness and acceptance of SDE compared with traditional education for health science students and explored the potential moderators that could impact the pooled results. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from January 2000 to March 2020 searched on nine electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The outcomes measured were knowledge, skills with objective assessments and overall satisfaction with subjective evaluations. The pooled results were calculated using random-model effects, and moderators were explored through meta-regression. Results A total of seven RCTs with 594 participants were included. At the post-test level, the pooled effect size of knowledge acquisitions (SMD 0.12, 95% CI −0.07-0.32) showed insignificant difference between the SDE and traditional education groups (P = .207), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 17.6%). Subgroup analyses observed no factors that significantly impacted the pooled results of knowledge acquisition at the post-test levels (P for interaction > 0.05). Knowledge gains from pretest to post-test in SDE groups also did not differ significantly between groups (SMD 0.15, 95% CI −0.22-0.53; P = .428). The pooled effect size of skills (SMD 0.02, 95% CI −0.24-0.28; P = .735) was similarly insignificant. The pooled effect size of overall satisfaction (SMD 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.83; P < .001) significantly favoured SDE over traditional education. Incorporating two-group studies without randomisations did not significantly change the overall results of knowledge acquisition at the post-test level (SMD −0.002, 95% CI −0.11-0.10; P = .994), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 61.9%). Conclusions Synchronous distance education was not significantly different from traditional education in effectiveness and had higher satisfaction ratings. Our findings might provide indications for adoptions of online remote education in health science education centres.
Keywords: _genre:LR-literature_review; health science students; meta-analysis; synchronous distance education; the COVID-19 pandemic; traditional education

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s Efforts to Strengthen a Culture of Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries - Heikkilä, Hanna; Maalouf, Wadih; Campello, Giovanna (Prevention Science, 2021)
Abstract This article discusses how decision-makers can be supported to strengthen a culture of prevention. This article presents an example of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s (UNODC) work to engage with decision-makers to create readiness, demand, and capacity for evidence-based prevention programming among them, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. First, we utilized two of the UNODC’s data sources to describe the context where the UNODC’s prevention efforts take place. Analysis of the first dataset on prevention activities implemented globally revealed a gap in translating evidence into practice on a global scale. The second dataset consisted of UNODC policy documents mandating and guiding global action to address substance use. The analysis showed that at the level of political frameworks, prevention is gradually gaining more attention but is still frequently left in the shadow of health- and law enforcement-related issues. In addition, these guiding documents did not reflect fully the current scientific understanding of what constitutes an effective prevention response. Against this background, the feasibility of the UNODC’s efforts to bridge the science–practice gap in the field of prevention was discussed by presenting the results from the UNODC’s regional capacity-building seminars focused on the role of monitoring and evaluation in prevention programming. The results showed potential of this capacity building to affect the attitudes and knowledge of targeted decision-makers. Such efforts to increase decision-makers’ readiness and ultimately their endorsement, adoption, and ongoing support of evidence-based preventive interventions should be continued and intensified.
Keywords: Final_citation

Engaging Teachers in Dialogic Teaching as a Way to Promote Cultural Literacy Learning: A Reflection on Teacher Professional Development - Hofmann, Riikka; Vrikki, Maria; Evagorou, Maria (Dialogue for Intercultural Understanding, 2021)
Abstract Effective teacher professional development (PD) is an important part of successfully implementing educational innovations. However, research has shown that not all PD is effective, largely because it has not been developed based on theoretical understandings around teacher professional learning, such as reflective practice, teacher collaboration and teacher agency and inquiry. This chapter concerns the PD program developed as part of the DIALLS project. The chapter places particular emphasis on the ways in which the PD program was informed by the literature on teacher professional learning and effective features of PD, as well as the literature on promoting dialogic pedagogy.

A review of anatomy education during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Revisiting traditional and modern methods to achieve future innovation - Iwanaga, Joe; Loukas, Marios; Dumont, Aaron S.; Tubbs, R. Shane (Clinical Anatomy, 2021)
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had enormous effects on anatomy education. During the pandemic, students have had no access to cadavers, which has been the principal way to learn anatomy since the 17th century. As it is difficult to predict future access to cadavers for students or in-person classes, anatomy educators are encouraged to revisit all possible teaching methods in order to develop innovations. Here, we review anatomy education methods to apply to current and future education.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; _genre:LR-literature_review; anatomy education; cadaver; dissection; medical education; novel coronavirus; teaching; technology; virtual

Developing mobile digital skills in low- and middle-income countries - Jacobs, Lani (GSMA, 2021)

Why Is India So Dominant in the Demand for New Smart Feature Phones That Are Internet Connected? - James, Jeffrey (New Perspectives on Current Development Policy: Covid-19, the Digital Divide, and State Internet Regulation, 2021)
In recent years, an innovation called the smart feature phone has brought the Internet to millions of poor people who would not otherwise have been able to go online. The purpose of this chapter is to show and explain why the new phones have spread most widely in India.
Keywords: Affordability; India; KaiOS technology; Multi-sequential model; Smart feature phones

Understanding climate change with statistical downscaling and machine learning - Jebeile, Julie; Lam, Vincent; Räz, Tim (Synthese, 2021)

Implementation of learner support services in distance teacher education programmes in selected public colleges of education in Zambia - Jere, Getrude; ManchishI, Peter Chomba; Mulenga, Innocent Mutale (The Zambia Journal of Distance Education (Online ISSN 2789-052X), 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The Teacher Educators’ Knowledge of Learner Support Services in Distance Teacher Education Programmes in Selected Public Colleges of Education in Zambia - Jere, Getrude; Mulenga, Innocent Mutale; Manchishi, Peter Chomba (How Africa Has Turned Around, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Education during the COVID-19: crisis Opportunities and constraints of using EdTech in low-income countries - Jordan, Katy; David, Raluca; Phillips, Toby; Pellini, Arnaldo (Revista de Educación a Distancia (RED), 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation

What Happened to Student Participation After Two Rounds of School Closures in Malawi—And How Have Schools Responded - Kadzamira, E.; Mazalale, J.; Meke, E.; Mwale, I. V.; Rossiter, J.; Moscoviz, L. (Center for Global Development, 2021)
Keywords: _C:Malawi MWI; ⛔ No DOI found

Gender & Climate Change: Local Perspectives on Education Indicators in Malawi, Technical meeting on gender, education and indicators: complex conditions and crises, 23-24 June 2021, hosted by Accountability for Gender Equality in Education (AGEE - Kadzamira, Esme (Centre for Education and International Development, Institute of Education, University College London (UCL, 2021)
Keywords: _C:Malawi MWI; ⛔ No DOI found

A Chatbot for Changing Lifestyle in Education - Kasthuri, E.; Balaji, S. (IEEE, 2021)

Qualitative exploration of digital chatbot use in medical education: A pilot study - Kaur, Anjuli; Singh, Sid; Chandan, Joht S.; Robbins, Tim; Patel, Vinod (Digital Health, 2021)
Keywords: Artificial intelligence; digital health; education; lifestyle; machine learning; technology

Professional Development on Digital Literacy and Transformative Teaching in a Low‐Income Country: A Case Study of Rural Kenya - Kerkhoff, Shea; Makubuya, Timothy (2021)

Technology-supported Teacher Learning Circles: Engagement and Barriers - Khalayleh, Abdullah; El-Serafy, Yomna; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Haßler, Björn (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:OpenDevEd

The use of technology to support teacher learning circles in crisis contexts: A rapid review of the literature - Khalayleh, Abdullah; El-Serafy, Yomna; Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Haßler, Björn (Open Development & Education, 2021)
Keywords: Author:OpenDevEd; _genre:LR-literature_review

Developing evaluation tools for assessing the educational potential of apps for preschool children in the UK - Kolak, Joanna; Norgate, Sarah H.; Monaghan, Padraic; Taylor, Gemma (Journal of Children and Media, 2021)

Demonstrating critically reflexive ICT4D project conduct in rural South Africa - Krauss, Kirstin EM (Information Technology for Development, 2021)

Effect of design and operational strategies on thermal comfort and productivity in a multipurpose school building - Kükrer, Ergin; Eskin, Nurdil (Journal of Building Engineering, 2021)
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT

Whatsapp Chatbot Implementation for New Students University of Labuhanbatu - Kurniawan, Hanggi; Al Fazar, Mulya; Fauziah, Nur Rahma; Yoan, Yoan; Munthe, Ibnu Rasyid (Jurnal Mantik, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Changing climate change: The carbon budget and the modifying-work of the IPCC - Lahn, Bard; Lahn, Bård (Social Studies of Science, 2021)
Over the last 10 years, the concept of a global ‘carbon budget’ of allowable CO 2 emissions has become ubiquitous in climate science and policy. Since it was brought to prominence by the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC, the carbon budget has changed how climate change is enacted as an issue of public concern, from determining the optimal rate of future emissions to establishing a fixed limit for how much emissions should be allowed before they must be stopped altogether. Exploring the emergence of the carbon budget concept, this article shows how the assessment process of the IPCC has offered scientific experts the means to modify how the climate issue is problematized, and discusses the implications of this ‘modifying-work’ for the politics of climate change. It finds that the ‘modified climate issue’ must be seen as an outcome of the ordinary work within established scientific and political institutions, and the agency these institutions afford scientists to enact the issue differently. On this basis, it argues that the case of the carbon budget holds important insights not only for the relationship between climate science and policy, but also for the pragmatist literature on ‘issue formation’ in STS.

EDI WORKING PAPER SERIES - Leaver, Clare; Ozier, Owen; Serneels, Pieter; Zeitlin, Andrew (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Recruitment, effort, and retention effects of performance contracts for civil servants: Experimental evidence from Rwandan primary schools - Leaver, Clare; Ozier, Owen; Serneels, Pieter; Zeitlin, Andrew (American economic review, 2021)

The Future of Service Post-COVID-19 Pandemic, Volume 1: Rapid Adoption of Digital Service Technology - Lee, Jungwoo; Han, Spring H. (The ICT and Evolution of Work, 2021)

Piloting Qatar’s First Edtech TestBed: The Journey Towards Best Practice, Sustainable Partnerships and Innovation - Lee, Seungah S.; Basma, Victoria (WISE, Qatar Foundation, 2021)
Keywords: Carmen

Recovering from school closures in Sierra Leone: Status of pupil learning outcomes in junior and senior secondary schools - Leh Wi Lan (2021)
Keywords: _C:Sierra Leone SLE

The psychometric and pragmatic evidence rating scale (PAPERS) for measure development and evaluation - Lewis, Cara C.; Mettert, Kayne D.; Stanick, Cameo F.; Halko, Heather M.; Nolen, Elspeth A.; Powell, Byron J.; Weiner, Bryan J. (Implementation research and practice, 2021)

Overall effects of temperature steps in hot summer on students' subjective perception, physiological response and learning performance - Liu, Jiajing; Kang, Jian; Li, Zeyu; Luo, Hanbin (Energy and Buildings, 2021)
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT

Using artificial intelligence to visualize the impacts of climate change - Luccioni, Alexandra; Schmidt, Victor; Vardanyan, Vahe; Bengio, Yoshua (IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2021)

Twelve tips for using synchronous virtual classroom technologies in medical education - Luke, Karl (MedEdPublish, 2021)
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented transformations in medical education, with a shift from face-to-face learning activities to digital education. Virtual classroom technologies have played a pivotal role in supporting synchronous teaching activities; however, it can be extremely challenging for many educators to use virtual classrooms tools eﬀectively. This article presents twelve tips based on best practices in educational design, learning theories, current research in online learning, and the authors’ personal experiences of designing online activities within medical education. The twelve tips aim to help medical educators use virtual classroom solutions more eﬀectively to promote learner engagement and learning.

EdTech for Learners with Disabilities in Primary School Settings in LMICs: A Systematic Literature Review - Lynch, Paul; Singal, Nidhi; Francis, Gill A. (EdTech Hub, 2021)
This systematic literature review was guided by the overarching aim of establishing the categories of EdTech that may be appropriate to support the learning of children with disabilities aged 4–12 years in low-and middle-income countries. A critical review of the published literature was deemed essential as the field of disability and EdTech (mirroring larger trends in disability and educational research) has remained dominated by anecdotal commentaries and strong personal assertions, but substantiated by little evidence. In framing the review we drew on a dual model of access which provides a helpful lens into how EdTech can support a learner’s development trajectory across different interventions (e.g. learning to read Braille or sign language), targeted educational outcomes, inclusive practices and suitable accommodations in different educational settings. This approach is underpinned by a human rights agenda, as articulated in the UN Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which demand fair and equal access to education for all children and young people. They are also concerned, though, that an individual child/young person should have agency, self-determination and independence. Article 2 of the CRPD unambiguously recognizes that reasonable accommodation is vital in enabling persons with disabilities to enjoy and exercise their rights on an equal basis with others.
Keywords: _DOILIVE; _EdTechHub_Output; _MELA_seen; _cover:v3; _genre:LR-literature_review; _yl:a; _zenodoETH

EdTech for Learners with Disabilities in Primary School Settings in LMICS: A Systematic Literature Review - Lynch, Paul; Singhal, Nidhi; Francis, Gill A. (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: auto_merged

The effectiveness of technology-supported personalised learning in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-analysis - Major, Louis; Francis, Gill A.; Tsapali, Maria (British Journal of Educational Technology, 2021)
Digital technology offers the potential to address educational challenges in resource-poor settings. This meta-analysis examines the impact of students' use of technology that personalises and adapts to learning level in low- and middle-income countries. Following a systematic search for research between 2007 and 2020, 16 randomised controlled trials were identified in five countries. Studies involved 53,029 learners aged 6–15 years. Coding examined learning domain (mathematics and literacy); personalisation level and delivery; technology use; and intervention duration and intensity. Overall, technology-supported personalised learning was found to have a statistically significant—if moderate—positive effect size of 0.18 on learning (p = 0.001). Meta-regression reveals how more personalised approaches which adapt or adjust to learners' level led to significantly greater impact (an effect size of 0.35) than those only linking to learners' interests or providing personalised feedback, support, and/or assessment. Avenues for future research include investigating cost implications, optimum programme length, and teachers' role in making personalised learning with technology effective. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic? Promoting personalised learning is an established aim of educators. Using technology to support personalised learning in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) could play an important role in ensuring more inclusive and equitable access to education, particularly in the aftermath of COVID-19. There is currently no rigorous overview of evidence on the effectiveness of using technology to enable personalised learning in LMICs. What this paper adds? The meta-analysis is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of technology-supported personalised learning in improving learning outcomes for school-aged children in LMICs. Technology-supported personalised learning has a statistically significant, positive effect on learning outcomes. Interventions are similarly effective for mathematics and literacy and whether or not teachers also have an active role in the personalisation. Personalised approaches that adapt or adjust to the learner led to significantly greater impact, although whether these warrant the additional investment likely necessary for implementation at scale needs to be investigated. Personalised technology implementation of moderate duration and intensity had similar positive effects to that of stronger duration and intensity, although further research is needed to confirm this. Implications for practice and/or policy: The inclusion of more adaptive personalisation features in technology-assisted learning environments can lead to greater learning gains. Personalised technology approaches featuring moderate personalisation may also yield learning rewards. While it is not known whether personalised technology can be scaled in a cost-effective and contextually appropriate way, there are indications that this is possible. The appropriateness of teachers integrating personalised approaches in their practice should be explored given ‘supplementary’ uses of personalised technology (ie, additional sessions involving technology outside of regular instruction) are common.
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; computer-assisted learning; existing; learning outcomes; low- and middle-income; meta-analysis; personalisation; personalised adaptive learning

Faculty productivity in Zambian higher education in the face of internationalization: Unpacking research, publication and citation at the University of Zambia - Masaiti, Gift Masaiti; Mwila, Kennedy; Kulyambanino, Cecilia; Njobvu, Tommie (Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South, 2021)
Keywords: ❓ Multiple DOI

Faculty productivity in Zambian higher education in the face of internationalization: Unpacking research, publication and citation at the University of Zambia - Masaiti, Gift Masaiti; Mwila, Kennedy; Kulyambanino, Cecilia; Njobvu, Tommie (Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South, 2021)
Keywords: ❓ Multiple DOI

The role of the household in the social inclusion of children with special needs in Uganda–a photovoice study - Masquillier, Caroline; De Bruyn, Sara; Musoke, David (BMC pediatrics, 2021)

A systematic review of the deployment of indigenous knowledge systems towards climate change adaptation in developing world contexts: implications for climate change education - Mbah, Marcellus; Ajaps, Sandra; Molthan-Hill, Petra (Sustainability, 2021)
Countries in the developing world are increasingly vulnerable to climate change effects and have a lesser capacity to adapt. Consideration can be given to their indigenous knowledge systems for an integrated approach to education, one which is more holistic and applicable to their context. This paper presents a systematic review of the indigenous knowledge systems (IKSs) deployed for climate change adaptation in the developing world and advances implications for climate change education. A set of inclusion criteria was used to screen publications derived from two databases and grey literature searches, and a total of 39 articles constituted the final selection. Postcolonial theory’s lens was applied to the review of the selected publications to highlight indigenous people’s agency, despite IKSs’ marginalization through colonial encounters and the ensuing epistemic violence. The categories of social adaptation, structural adaptation, and institutional adaptation emerged from the IKS-based climate change adaptation strategies described in the articles, with social adaptation being the most recurrent. We discussed how these strategies can be employed to decolonise climate change education through critical, place-based, participatory, and holistic methodologies. The potential outcome of this is a more relatable and effective climate change education in a developing world context.
Keywords: C:Bangladesh; C:Benin; C:Bolivia; C:Brazil; C:Colombia; C:Ethiopia; C:Fiji; C:Ghana; C:India; C:Indonesia; C:Iran; C:Malawi; C:Malaysia; C:Namibia; C:Nepal; C:Nigeria; C:Peru; C:Philippines; C:South Africa; C:Tanzania; C:Uganda; C:Vietnam; C:Zimbabwe; _z:class:countries; _z:class:themes; oa:keyword:climate change; oa:keyword:climate change adaptation; oa:keyword:indigenous knowledge systems; oa:topic:T10898 Factors Influencing Pro-environmental Behavior; oa:topic:T12656 Impact of Climate Change on Human Migration; oa:topic:T14007 Place-Based Education in Rural Communities; openalex:n:1; openalex:yes

Mapping the education data ecosystem in Sierra Leone - McBurnie, Chris; Beoku-Betts, Iman (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: _C:Sierra Leone SLE

Policy Makers and Girls’ Education in Emergencies in Kenya - Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Gichuhi, Loise; Khalayleh, Abdullah (2021)

Policy Makers and Girls' Education in Emergencies in Kenya: Initial findings from first round of interviews - Megha-Bongnkar, Ghislaine; Gichuhi, Loise; Khalayleh, Abdullah (2021)

An artificial intelligence based virtual assistant using conversational agents - Mekni, Mehdi (Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 2021)

Machine learning for geographically differentiated climate change mitigation in urban areas - Milojevic-Dupont, Nikola; Creutzig, Felix (Sustainable Cities and Society, 2021)

2020 Annual School Census Report - Ministry of Basic and Senior Secondary Education (2021)

The evaluation of chatbot as a tool for health literacy education among undergraduate students - Mokmin, Nur Azlina Mohamed; Ibrahim, Nurul Anwar (Education and Information Technologies, 2021)
This study discussed and evaluated the usefulness, performance, and technology acceptance of a chatbot developed to educate users and provide health literacy. A semi-structured interview and analytic sessions were provided on Google Analytics dashboard, and the users’ acceptance toward the technology was measured using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). A total of 75 undergraduate students were involved over a total period of two months. Each respondent explored the health chatbot actively to get advice from it with a phrase that matched the chatbot’s intents via mobile devices. The evaluation results showed that 73.3% of the respondents found that the chatbot can help understand several health issues and provide a good conversation. The performance evaluation also showed that the chatbot contributed a low percentage of exit, where less than 37% of users exited the application. The overall assessment showed that the developed chatbot has a significant potential to be used as a conversational agent to increase health literacy, especially among students and young adults. However, more research should be done before the technology can replace humans in a real setting.

Education Standards Officers Supervision Roles of Curriculum Implementation in Choma District in Zambia: What do Teachers Think? - Mooya, Eugine; Mulenga, Innocent Mutale (Multidisciplinary Journal of Language and Social Sciences Education (2664-083X, Online ISSN: Print ISSN: 2616-4736), 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Studying How to Apply Chatbots Technology in Higher-Education: First Results and Future Strategies - Mora, Antonio M.; Guillén, Alberto; Barranco, Francisco; Castillo, Pedro A.; Merelo, Juan J. (Springer, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

A Roadmap for Measuring Distance Learning: A Review of Evidence and Emerging Best Practices - Morris, Emily; Farrell, Anna; Venetis, Emma (USAID, 2021)
As countries around the world have closed learning institutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching and learning have pivoted from in-person instruction to distance learning. Simultaneously, there has been a surge in efforts to promote access to distance learning programming. Distance learning is commonly used to reach learners who need flexible learning opportunities, as well as to reach groups excluded from formal education institutions. As countries and education agencies take up distance learning, it is important to design and implement evidence-based strategies for monitoring and evaluation to measure whether distance learning efforts are serving the intended communities and achieving intended objectives. The purpose of this review is to support education practitioners, donors, implementers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), civil society organizations, and other stakeholders in applying best practices to monitor and evaluate distance learning initiatives designed for diverse learners and implemented both within and outside of learning institutions. Broad input, review and feedback on early drafts of this toolkit were solicited and incorporated from the education sector in Washington, D.C. and Missions.
Keywords: _genre:LR-literature_review; ⛔ No DOI found

Toolkit for Designing a Comprehensive Distance Learning Strategy - Morris, Emily; Tan, Yvette (USAID, 2021)
BACKGROUND TO THE TOOLKIT ........................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION TO DISTANCE LEARNING......................................................................................3 What is distance learning? ...................................................................................................................................... 3 How does distance learning work? ...................................................................................................................... 3 Who is the intended audience for distance learning? ...................................................................................... 4 What are the overarching instructional goals for distance learning? ........................................................... 6 What are the key requirements for successful distance learning?................................................................ 6 What are the different ways technology may be used in distance learning? .............................................. 7 OVERVIEW OF A COMPREHENSIVE DISTANCE LEARNING STRATEGY .................................10 What is a comprehensive distance learning strategy?.................................................................................... 10 How does a comprehensive distance learning strategy support resilience to crises? ........................... 13 What are the phases for operationalizing a comprehensive distance learning strategy? ...................... 14 OUTLINE OF A COMPREHENSIVE DISTANCE LEARNING STRATEGY DOCUMENT..........16 COMPONENT 1: ANALYZE THE EXISTING DISTANCE LEARNING LANDSCAPE AND DEVELOP A STRATEGIC VISION.............................................................................................................18 COMPONENT 2: DESIGN A DISTANCE LEARNING APPROACH...............................................36 COMPONENT 3: DEVELOP A MONITORING, EVALUATION, AND LEARNING PLAN ......43 COMPONENT 4: CREATE A BUDGET ..................................................................................................53 CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................................60 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................61 ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................................67 Annex A. Roadmap for Measuring Distance Learning ................................................................................... 67 Annex B: Key terms and definitions................................................................................................................... 68

Curriculum Implementation Strategies of Education Standards Officers in Choma District of Zambia: A Critique of their Effectiveness - Mulenga, Innocent Mutale; Mooya, Eugine (Zambian Journal of Educational Management, Administration and Leadership (ZJEMAL)(ISSN-Print: 2706-7416, Online: 2709-1864), 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic: Can Public Primary and Secondary Schools in Lusaka District of Zambia use Blended and Distance Teaching and Learning? - Mulenga, Innocent Mutale; Siluma, V. (Zambia Journal of Distance Education, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Handbook of Social Justice Interventions in Education - Mullen, Carol A. (Springer International Handbooks of Education, 2021)

Dynamic Effect of Rapid Urbanization on City Logistics: Literature Gleened Lessons for Developing Countries - Mwamba, Evans; Masaiti, Gift; Simui, Francis (Journal of City and Development, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Strengthening Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) and Data for Increased Resilience to Crisis: country case study: South Soudan - Mwaniki, David (UNESCO, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing

Indigenisation of the School Curriculum: Connecting Classroom and Community Experiences - Mwanza, Christine; Changwe, Robert (Multidisciplinary Journal of Language and Social Sciences Education (2664-083X, Online ISSN: Print ISSN: 2616-4736), 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

A Literature Review of the Impacts of Heat Stress on Human Health across Africa - Ncongwane, Katlego P.; Botai, Joel O.; Sivakumar, Venkataraman; Botai, Christina M. (Sustainability, 2021)
Heat stress-related illness attributed to the changing climate, particularly the more frequent extreme high temperatures, is becoming a theme of public concern, especially in the most vulnerable regions, such as the African continent. Knowledge of the existing research directions and gaps on heat stress and human health is vital for informing future strategic research foci capable of influencing policy development, planning, adaptation, and mitigation efforts. In this regard, a bibliometric analysis was conducted, with an emphasis on Africa, to assess regional research contributions to heat stress impacts on human health. The goals of the study were to review publication growth and patterns of the scientific publications and to identify key players (especially collaborating institutions and countries) and the evolution of research themes on the African continent, while paying attention to global trends and emergent hot topics and methodology of heat stress research. Using the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus core collection databases, a structured keyword search was undertaken, which yielded 463 and 58 research publications from around the world and Africa, respectively. The retrieved scientific documents, published between 1968 and 2020, were analyzed and visualized using a bibliometric analysis technique and the VOSviewer software tool. The results indicate low statistics and slow scientific growth in publication output, with the highest peak having been reached in 2018, resulting in 13 scientific publications. While global research collaborations are successfully reflected in the literature, there is a considerable gap in understanding heat stress and related collaborations between African countries and international institutions. The review study has identified key opportunities that can benefit Africa through the expansion of the scope of heat stress and human health research on the continent. These opportunities can be achieved by closing the following research gaps: (1) vulnerability assessments within demographic classes, such as the elderly, (2) personal exposure and associated risks, (3) Urban Heat Island (UHI) evaluation for urban environments, and (4) heat adaptation research, which will enable informed and targeted preventive actions that will limit future heat health impacts. The authors opine that the pursuit of such studies will be most impactful if the current knowledge gaps are bridged through transdisciplinary research supported by local, regional, and international collaborators.
Keywords: BE:LMIC; BE:RELEVANT; type:literature review

Children in the digital environment: Revised typology of risks - OECD (OECD, 2021)
The digital environment has become an integral part of children’s everyday lives and interactions. The benefits can be tremendous, but there also risks. In 2011, the OECD adopted a Typology of Risks in an effort to broadly categorise those risks. Since then the digital environment has changed significantly, as risks have evolved in nature and new ones have emerged. This report informs the OECD’s broader work on children in the digital environment by examining these trends and presenting an updated Typology of Risks. The Typology provides a high-level overview of the risk landscape, and outlines four risk categories and their manifestations. The Typology also identifies and analyses risks that cut across these four risk categories, and that can therefore have wide-ranging effects on children’s lives.
Keywords: Final_citation; existing

Development Co-operation Report 2021: Shaping a Just Digital Transformation - OECD (Development Co-operation Report, 2021)
Digital transformation is revolutionising economies and societies with rapid technological advances in AI, robotics and the Internet of Things. Low and middle-income countries are struggling to gain a foothold in the global digital economy in the...
Keywords: Final_citation; existing

OECS Programme for Educational Advancement and Relevant Learning (PEARL) - OECS Secretariat (2021)

State of the Art of Teaching-Learning of Artificial Intelligence at Early Ages - Ojeda-Bazaran, Maria-Jose; Chamba-Eras, Luis; Coronel-Romero, Edison; Labanda-Jaramillo, Milton; Conde-Zhingre, Lorena; Irene-Robalino, Daniel; Fierro-Saltos, Washington; Orellana-Malla, Angel; Romero-Flores, Mabel; Cueva-Alvarado, Gilmar (IEEE, 2021)

The Need for Context-specificity in Global Educational Policy Transfer by Non-state Actors: The Case of" Teach for All" to" Teach for India - OLANREWAJU, GIDEON SEUN (2021)

Left behind? The effects of digital gaps on e-learning in rural secondary schools and remote communities across Nigeria during the COVID19 pandemic - Olanrewaju, Gideon Seun; Adebayo, Seun Bunmi; Omotosho, Abiodun Yetunde; Olajide, Charles Falajiki (International Journal of Educational Research Open, 2021)
Keywords: auto_merged

Teacher-Student-Relationship Quality in Inclusive Secondary Schools: Theory and Measurement of Emotional Aspects of Teaching - Pastore, Giuliana; Luder, Reto (Frontiers in Education, 2021)
Inclusive healthy schools are committed to provide a learning environment for a healthy development and optimal learning support for all students, regardless of their performance, language, learning and behavior disposition or disability. In order to achieve this goal, the relationship between teacher and students is crucial. Research in this area has shown the importance of emotional aspects as a mark of quality of teacher-student relationships, recognizing them as strong predictors for better achievement, compared to professional and subject-related aspects of teaching. Nevertheless, empirical studies in inclusive schools are seldom considering teacher-student relationships, as a theoretically sound conceptualization is missing in the context of research in inclusive schools. In the present paper, based on the attachment theory and the research on joint attention, two emotional components of teacher-student relationships are examined as key-concepts of high relevance for inclusive schools (emotional resonance and shared intentionality). It is also discussed how to empirically operationalize and measure these emotional components with the intention of analyzing the current situation of inclusive schools in future studies.

Elementary Classroom Teachers’ Perceptions of Redesigned Classroom Space: A Qualitative Case Study - Pender, Kristin Lee (Old Dominion University, 2021)
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT

Determinação de zonas de conforto térmico por meio da análise comparativa entre diferentes métodos de caraterização de pessoas termicamente insatisfeitas - Pereira, Pedro Filipe da Conceição (Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2021)
Keywords: BE:LMIC; BE:RELEVANT

Structured Pedagogy — 0a. How-To Guides - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — 0b. Literature Review - Piper, Benjamin (2021)
Keywords: _yl:b

Structured Pedagogy — 0c. Structured Pedagogy Can Really Work - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — Guide 1. Government Leadership and Program Adoption - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — Guide 2. Designing an Effective Structured Pedagogy Program. - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — Guide 3. Curriculum and Scope and Sequence Development for Literacy and Numeracy .pdf - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — Guide 4. Materials Development. - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — Guide 5. Teacher Professional Development: Teacher Training - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — Guide 6. Teacher Professional Development- Ongoing Teacher Support. - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — Guide 7. Data Systems and Accountability. - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — Guide 8. Systems Management. - Piper, Benjamin (2021)

Structured Pedagogy — How-To Guides and Literature Review - Piper, Benjamin (2021)
Keywords: _yl:a

Turning to technology: A global survey of teachers' responses to the Covid-19 pandemic - Pota, Vikas; Hennessy, Sara; Koomar, Saalim; Kreimeia, Adam; Zubairi, Asma; Aerts, Carla; Gault, Claire (T4 Education & EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing

Classroom Temperature and Learner Absenteeism in Public Primary Schools in the Eastern Cape, South Africa - Pule, Vicky; Mathee, Angela; Melariri, Paula; Kapwata, Thandi; Abdelatif, Nada; Balakrishna, Yusentha; Kunene, Zamantimande; Mogotsi, Mirriam; Wernecke, Bianca; Wright, Caradee Yael (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021)
Children spend a significant proportion of their time at school and in school buildings. A healthy learning environment that supports children should be thermally conducive for learning and working. Here, we aimed to study the relations between indoor classroom temperatures and learner absenteeism as a proxy for children’s health and well-being. This one-year prospective study that spanned two calendar years (from June 2017 to May 2018) entailed measurement of indoor classroom temperature and relative humidity, calculated as apparent temperature (Tapp) and collection of daily absenteeism records for each classroom in schools in and around King Williams Town, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Classroom characteristics were collected using a standardized observation checklist. Mean indoor classroom temperature ranged from 11 to 30 °C, while mean outdoor temperature ranged from 6 °C to 31 °C during the sample period. Indoor classroom temperatures typically exceeded outdoor temperatures by 5 °C for 90% of the study period. While multiple factors may influence absenteeism, we found absenteeism was highest at low indoor classroom Tapp (i.e., below 15 °C). Absenteeism decreased as indoor Tapp increased to about 25 °C before showing another increase in absenteeism. Classroom characteristics differed among schools. Analyses of indoor classroom temperature and absenteeism in relation to classroom characteristics showed few statistically significant relations—although not exceptionally strong ones—likely because of the multiple factors that influence absenteeism. However, given the possible relationship between indoor temperature and absenteeism, there is a learning imperative to consider thermal comfort as a fundamental element of school planning and design. Furthermore, additional research on factors besides temperature that affect learner absenteeism is needed, especially in rural areas.
Keywords: BE:LMIC; BE:RELEVANT; climate change; cold; environmental health; heat; humidity; public health; schoolchildren

Impact of The Use of Telegram and WhatsApp at the University in Pandemic Times - Quispe, Nayely Quispe; Rosas, Noe Vicente; Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano (IEEE, 2021)

Environmental Factors that Affect the Academic Performance of Senior High School Students during COVID-19 Pandemic - Ragpala, Eric (International Journal of Social Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends, 2021)
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT; ⛔ No DOI found

A Meta-Analysis on Computer Technology Intervention Effects on Mathematics Achievement for Low-Performing Students in K-12 Classrooms - Ran, Hua; Kasli, Murat; Secada, Walter G. (Journal of Educational Computing Research, 2021)
This meta-analysis extended the current literature regarding the effects of computer technology (CT) on mathematics achievement, with a particular focus on low-performing students. A total of 45 independent effect sizes extracted from 31 empirical studies based on a total of 2,044 low-performing students in K-12 classrooms were included in this meta-analysis. Consistent with previous reviews, this study suggested a statistically significant and positive effect of CT ([Formula: see text] = 0.56) on low-performing students’ mathematics achievement. Of four CT types, the largest CT effect was found with problem-solving system ([Formula: see text] = 0.86), followed by tutoring [Formula: see text] = 0.80), game-based intervention ([Formula: see text] = .58), and computerized practice ([Formula: see text] = .23). Furthermore, other moderators were found to explain variation in CT effects on low-performing students’ mathematics achievement. Study findings contributed to clarifying the effect of CT for low-performing students’ mathematics achievement. Implications for instructional design and practices are also discussed.
Keywords: _Import_to_OpenDevEd_EvLib; computer; conclusive outcomes; high quality; k-12; low-performing; mathematics; primary; secondary

Transnational Skills Partnerships between Ghana and North Rhine-Westphalia - Rother, Stefan; Setrana, Mary B. (2021)
This exploratory study discusses the potential for a transnational skills partnership in the construction sector between Ghana and the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). Ghana is considered to be a particularly suited partner country due to its young workforce, democratic and economic stability and high regard for technical and vocational education and training (TVET). This high regard, though, is not matched yet by a high level of formal training. This study recommends a type of partnership, where the TVET sector could benefit from further development in terms of standards, employability and balancing practical and theoretical aspects of formal education. This would be a significant addition to the established benefits of the triple-win approach where the destination would benefit from the supply of skilled labour while the country of origin and the migrants themselves would benefit from upskilling and remittances.

Use and Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Climate Change Adaptation in Africa - Rutenberg, Isaac; Gwagwa, Arthur; Omino, Melissa (African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2021)
Abstract Although Climate Change is a global phenomenon, the impact in Africa is anticipated to be greater than in many other parts of the world. This expectation is supported by many factors, including the relatively low shock tolerance of many African countries and the relatively high percentage of African workers engaged in the agricultural sector. High-income countries are increasingly turning their focus to climate change adaptation, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a critical tool in those efforts. Algorithms using AI are making better predictions on the short- and long-term effects of climate change, including predictions related to weather patterns, floods and droughts, and human migration patterns. It is not clear, however, that Africa is (or will be) maximally benefitting from those AI tools, particularly since they are largely developed by highly developed countries using data sets that are specific to those same countries. It is therefore important to characterize the efforts underway to use AI in a way that specifically benefits Africa in climate change adaptation. These efforts include projects undertaken physically in Africa as well as those that have Africa as their focus. In exploring AI projects in or about Africa, this chapter also looks at the sufficiency of such efforts and the variety of approaches taken by researchers working with AI to address climate change in Africa.

Development of artificial intelligence education system for K-12 based on 4P - Ryu, Hyein; Cho, Jungwon (Journal of Digital Convergence, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Evaluating Neutral, Preferred and Comfort Range Temperatures and Computing Adaptive Equation for Kano Region - S.M. Ali (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Fallacy of summer overheating in the hot-dry climate: a case study of learning environments in Kano, Nigeria - S.M. Ali (AJEES, African Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) in Hot-Dry Regions of Sub-Saharan Africa - S.M. Ali (BUK Press, 2021)

Investigating Acoustic and Indoor Air Qualities of Learning Environments in Bayero University, Kano - S.M. Ali (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Measured and perceived visual qualities of learning environments in Bayero University, Kano Nigeria. Savanna, A journal of the Environmental and Social Sciences - S.M. Ali (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Understanding the External Social Benefits of Education in Ethiopia: A Contextual Analysis Using Young Lives - Sabates, Ricardo; Zhao, Yiran Vicky; Mitchell, Rafael; Ilie, Sonia (Journal of Education Finance, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

School location analysis by integrating the accessibility, natural and biological hazards to support equal access to education - Sakti, Anjar Dimara; Rahadianto, Muhammad Ario Eko; Pradhan, Biswajeet; Muhammad, Hubbi Nashrullah; Andani, I. Gusti Ayu; Sarli, Prasanti Widyasih; Abdillah, Muhammad Rais; Anggraini, Tania Septi; Purnomo, Andhika Dimas; Ridwana, Riki (ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021)
Abstract: This study proposes a new model for land suitability for educational facilities based on spatial product development to determine the optimal locations for achieving education targets in West Java, Indonesia. Single-aspect approaches, such as accessibility and spatial hazard analyses, have not been widely applied in suitability assessments on the location of educational facilities. Model development was performed based on analyses of the economic value of the land and on the integration of various parameters across three main aspects: accessibility, comfort, and a multinatural/biohazard (disaster) risk index. Based on the maps of disaster hazards, higher flood-prone areas are found to be in gentle slopes and located in large cities. Higher risks of landslides are spread throughout the study area, while higher levels of earthquake risk are predominantly in the south, close to the active faults and megathrusts present. Presently, many schools are located in very high vulnerability zones (2057 elementary, 572 junior high, 157 senior high, and 313 vocational high schools). The comfort-level map revealed 13,459 schools located in areas with very low and low comfort levels, whereas only 2377 schools are in locations of high or very high comfort levels. Based on the school accessibility map, higher levels are located in the larger cities of West Java, whereas schools with lower accessibility are documented far from these urban areas. In particular, senior high school accessibility is predominant in areas of lower accessibility levels, as there are comparatively fewer facilities available in West Java. Overall, higher levels of suitability are spread throughout West Java. These distribution results revealed an expansion of the availability of schools by area: senior high schools, 303,973.1 ha; vocational high schools, 94,170.51 ha; and junior high schools, 12,981.78 ha. Changes in elementary schools (3936.69 ha) were insignificant, as the current number of elementary schools is relatively much higher. This study represents the first to attempt to integrate these four parameters—accessibility, multi natural hazard, biohazard, comfort index, and land value—to determine potential areas for new schools to achieve educational equity targets. Keywords: school location; natural and biological hazards; accessibility model; COVID-19; West Java Province; Indonesia

Why Programs Fail: Lessons for Improving Public Service Quality from a Mixed-Methods Evaluation of an Unsuccessful Teacher Training Program in Nepal - Schaffner, Julie; Glewwe, Paul; Sharma, Uttam (Staff Paper P21-3, 2021)
Using a randomized control trial embedded within a mixed-methods evaluation, we find that an at-scale government teacher training program, of a common but seldom-evaluated form, has little or no impact on student learning. We then document five challenges that the policy’s design failed to address, related to: oversight of training sessions, school-level difficulties in releasing teachers for training (lack of substitute teachers), deficits in teachers’ subject knowledge, deficits in teachers’ post-training accountability and support, and students’ needs for differentiated instruction. We discuss implications for the literatures on teacher training program design and on good governance for public service provision
Keywords: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Final_citation; Public Economics; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; cited; existing

Innovation durch Kooperation: Ausbildungspartnerschaften im Bausektor - Schultz, Susanne U. (2021)
Diese explorative Studie zu den Fachkräftebedarfen und Kooperationsinteressen von Unternehmen im Baubereich in Nordrhein-Westfalen beleuchtet die Potenziale einer partnerschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit zur länderübergreifenden, beruflichen Ausbildung mit Ghana.
Keywords: Baubranche; Berufsausbildung; Fachkräftebedarf; Migration; Transnationale Qualifizierungs- und Mobilitätspartnerschaft; Zuwanderung; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Indoor Air Quality and Overheating in UK Classrooms–an Archetype Stock Modelling Approach - Schwartz, Y.; Korolija, I.; Symonds, P.; Godoy-Shimizu, D.; Dong, J.; Hong, S. M.; Mavrogianni, A.; Grassie, D.; Mumovic, D. (IOP Publishing, 2021)
Abstract. Children spend a large part of their waking lives in school buildings. There is substantial evidence that poor indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal discomfort can have detrimental impacts on the performance, wellbeing and health of schoolchildren and staff. Maintaining good IAQ while avoiding overheating in classrooms is challenging due to the unique occupancy patterns and heat properties of schools. Building stock modelling has been extensively used in recent years to quantify and evaluate performance of large numbers of buildings at various scales. This paper builds on an archetype stock modelling approach which represents the diversity of the school stock in England through an analysis of The Property Data Survey Programme (PDSP) and the Display Energy Certificates (DEC) databases. The model was used for simulating Indoor-to-Outdoor pollution ratios to estimate indoor air pollution levels (NO2, PM2.5 and CO2) and thermal comfort (overheating) in two climate areas in England: London and the West Pennines. analysis highlighted variations in classrooms’ indoor CO2 levels in different seasons and explored the risk of overheating in relation to a classroom’s orientation.
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT

RIMA - Recopilación de información para la mejora de los aprendizajes: Informe de resultados evaluación de Matemática y Español RIMA 2020 y 2021 [Results report of the evaluation of Mathematics and Spanish RIMA 2020 and 2021] - Secretary of Education of Guanajuato (2021)
Keywords: Final_citation

RIMA - Recopilación de información para la mejora de los aprendizajes: Manual del proceso (aplicación y devolución de resultados). [RIMA - Collection of information for improving learning: Process manual (application and return of results] - Secretary of Education of Guanajuato (2021)
Keywords: Final_citation

Reimagining Education for Continuous Learning and Teaching - Sengeh, David Moinina; McBurnie, Chris; Beoku-Betts, Iman; Kargobai, Grace; Sebold, Juliet (2021)

Developing the ‘E’in PSHE - Shakespeare, Ben (Teaching Personal, Social, Health and Economic and Relationships,(Sex) and Health Education in Primary Schools: Enhancing the Whole Curriculum, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

‘Happier in his own clothes’: Post-pandemic Possibilities for Education for Children with Special Educational Needs and Disabilities: Perspectives from parent carers - Shepherd, Jacqui; Durrant, Claire; Hancock, Christina (University of Sussex, 2021)
This research examined the perspectives of parent carers of children with SEND and their experiences of their children returning to school in September 2020 and undertaking home-learning during the January/February 2021 lockdown. While celebrating the achievements of schools in supporting children with SEND back into school last September and improving the quality and provision of home learning during the second lockdown, the report also exposes some of the significant limitations in the education system - not least in meeting the fundamental needs of children with SEND, but also in enabling them to flourish and achieve. Some children did thrive during lockdown without the stress and anxiety of school and the pressure of social interaction but many did not. ‘Happier in his own clothes’ was a comment made by a parent about one of the positives of lockdown in not having to wear school uniform, but we also use it as a metaphor here for how school could be for children with SEND - and indeed all children if we can seize this opportunity to learn from lockdown. We make recommendations, based on the learning from the positive and negative experiences of the last year, for a more reflexive and recalibrated school system which works better for all children – especially those with SEND.

Progress in climate change adaptation research - Sietsma, Anne J.; Ford, James D.; Callaghan, Max W.; Minx, Jan C. (Environmental Research Letters, 2021)

Education, Girls’ Education and Climate Change - Sims, K. (Institute of Development Studies, 2021)
This Emerging Issue Report (EIR) explores research and evidence on the relationship between education, girls’ education and climate change. There is scientific consensus that climate change is real, manifested through increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events, including drought, flooding and cyclones (IPCC, 2012, 2014). Climate change, environmental degradation and climate vulnerability are closely linked (IPCC, 2019). Climate change exacerbates environmental and land degradation, especially in areas with drylands and permafrost, river deltas and low-lying coastal areas. There is high confidence that people living in areas affected by environmental degradation are experiencing an increase in the negative effects of climate change (IPCC, 2019). Gender, alongside other drivers of vulnerability and exclusion, is a key determinant of an individual’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change and environmental degradation, and influences how climate change is experienced (Kwauk et al., 2019; Vincent et al., 2014; Muttarak & Lutz, 2014). It is estimated that at least 200 million adolescent girls living in the poorest communities face heightened risk from the effects of climate change (Atkinson & Bruce, 2015). Although this report refers to women and girls throughout, it is important that they are not seen as a homogenous group due to a range of factors that influence identity, including poverty, age, ethnicity, disability, socioeconomic status, geographic location and HIV status, among others (Plan International, 2011; Djoudi et al., 2016). In addition, as this report highlights, women and girls should not be seen as passive victims of climate change, as this can obscure their role as powerful agents of change and may cause misinterpretation of the causes of vulnerability (Ravera et al., 2016). Extreme weather events, such as floods and tropical cyclones, can disrupt learning in a variety of ways. The direct and immediate impacts of extreme weather include damage and/or destruction to education infrastructure; however, indirect and secondary impacts can last much longer (Kousky, 2016; Anderson, 2019). These include, but are not limited to: damage to road and transport links, obstructing access to school and learning; adolescent girls’ unwillingness to attend school if water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities are not quickly rehabilitated; inability to pay for school fees and/or learning materials; displacement of families; and reduced capacity for learning because of malnutrition or trauma (Kousky, 2016; Anderson, 2019; Nordstrom & Cotton, 2020; Chuang et al., 2018; Siriwardhana et al., 2013). Evidence and commentary on the role of education, and girls’ education, to address climate change through adaptation, resilience and mitigation is limited, albeit growing. This EIR identifies and summarises evidence and key commentary around the following themes: 1. Links between education, particularly girls’ education, and climate change. 2. How climate and environment matter for achieving gender equality. 3. Why securing girls’ education is an important strategy in addressing climate change. The EIR draws on academic research and literature from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as policy frameworks and grey literature, media articles and blogs from the climate, education and gender fields.
Keywords: _z:class:countries

What are the Characteristics of Effective Teacher Professional Development? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - Sims, Sam; Fletcher-Wood, Harry; O’Mara, Alison; Cottingham, Sarah; Stansfield, Claire; Herwegen, Jo Van; Anders, Jake (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Primary Schooling for Children with Disabilities: A Review of African Scholarship - Singal, Nidhi; Spencer, Carrie; Mitchell, Rafael (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

The impact of Traffic-Related air pollution on child and adolescent academic Performance: A systematic review - Stenson, Chloe; Wheeler, Amanda J.; Carver, Alison; Donaire-Gonzalez, David; Alvarado-Molina, Miguel; Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark; Tham, Rachel (Environment International, 2021)
Background: The negative health impacts of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have been investigated for many decades, however, less attention has been paid to the effect of TRAP on children’s academic performance. Understanding the TRAP-academic performance relationship will assist in identifying mechanisms for improving students’ learning and aid policy makers in developing guidance for protecting children in school environments. Methods: This systematic review assessed the relationship between TRAP and academic performance. Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and ERIC databases were searched for relevant, peer reviewed, articles published in English. Articles assessing exposure to TRAP pollutants (through direct measurement, local air quality monitoring, modelling, or road proximity/density proxy measures) and academic performance (using standardised tests) in children and adolescents were included. Risk of bias was assessed within and between studies. Results: Of 3519 search results, 10 relevant articles were included. Nine studies reported that increased exposure to some TRAP was associated with poorer student academic performance. Study methodologies were highly heterogeneous and no consistent patterns of association between specific pollutants, age groups, learning domains, exposure windows, and exposure locations were established. There was a serious risk of bias within individual studies and confidence in the body of evidence was low. Conclusions: This review found evidence suggestive of a negative association between TRAP and academic performance. However, the quality of this evidence was low. The existing body of literature is small, lacks the inclusion of high-quality exposure measures, and presents limitations in reporting. Future research should focus on using valid and reliable exposure measures, individual-level data, consistent controlling for confounders and longitudinal study designs.
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT

Learning at scale: interim report | Unesco IIEP Learning Portal - Stern, Jonathan; Jukes, Matthew; Piper, Benjamin; DeStefano, Joseph; Mejia, Jessica; Dubeck, Peggy; Carrol, Bidemi; Punjabi, Maitri; Harris-Van Keuren, Christine; Tufail, Fatima (RTI, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing

Use of Twitter Technology in Educational Learning - Sunday, Ajibo Anthony (The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing; ⛔ No DOI found

Strengthening Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) and Data for Increased Resilience to Crisis: country case study: Ethopia - UNESCO Digital Library - Szucs, Eszter (UNESCO, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing

Teaching machine learning in K–12 classroom: Pedagogical and technological trajectories for artificial intelligence education - Tedre, Matti; Toivonen, Tapani; Kahila, Juho; Vartiainen, Henriikka; Valtonen, Teemu; Jormanainen, Ilkka; Pears, Arnold (IEEE access, 2021)

GIS for Education Working Group - the Education Commission (the Education Commission, 2021)
Keywords: _yl:a

Trends in Mathematics Learning in Ethiopia: 2012 – 2019 - Tiruneh, Dawit T.; Sabates, Ricardo; Rolleston, Caine; Hoddinott, John (Bahir Dar Journal of Education, 2021)
This study examines the trends in mathematics learning for Grade 4 pupils in Ethiopia based on a longitudinal survey of 33 schools from 2012-13 to 2018-19. The study employs unique data collected both at the start and end of the General Education Quality Improvement Program – Phase II (GEQIP-II) reform targeting the same schools in six regions. The data included repeated measures of pupil learning outcomes plus child socio-economic background, teacher, and school characteristics. Despite the implementation of the GEQIP-II reform, we found that pupils’ mathematics learning levels declined between 2012-13 and 2018-19. Progress in mathematics within the 2018-19 academic year improved slightly compared to 2012-13, but there is difference in magnitude of learning progress for the two periods between pupils across rural-urban locations, regional states, and family economic backgrounds. There is an overall improvement in school and teacher ‘quality’ between 2012 and 2019, while there is some evidence of changes in student composition between the two periods. Consistent with the GEQIP-II reform in terms of supporting access and retention, pupils in 2018-19 were more likely to have attended pre-school, less often absent from school, and less likely to have dropped out, compared to pupils in the same grade level in 2012-13. In 2018-19, pupils’ caregivers are less likely to be literate, they have fewer assets at home, and they travel a relatively longer distance to school. Differences in mathematics learning levels and learning progress between disadvantaged pupils (i.e., pupils from rural areas, emerging regions, poorest socio-economic background) and their relatively advantaged counterparts are discussed in relation to the GEQIP-II educational reform.
Keywords: disadvantaged students; equitable access; numeracy; ⚠️ Invalid DOI

Development of a tool to predict the socio-economic consequences of better air quality and temperature control in classrooms - Toftum, Jørn; Andersen, Rune; Prado, Jose Joaquin Aguilera; Kolstrup, Kristian; Hauberg, Daniel Sloth; Clausen, Geo (Energy and Buildings, 2021)
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT

Emergency remote education experiment amid COVID-19 pandemic - Toquero, Cathy Mae (IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, 2021)
Keywords: __C:filed:1; remote teaching

Critical mobile pedagogy: cases of digital technologies and learners at the margins - Traxler, John; Crompton, Helen (2021)
Critical Mobile Pedagogy is an exploration of mobile technologies for designing and delivering equitable and empowering education around the globe. Synthesizing a diverse range of projects and conceptual frameworks, this case-based collection addresses the ambitions, assumptions, and impacts of interventions in under-researched, often disadvantaged communities. The editors and authors provide a nuanced and culturally responsive approach to showcasing: indigenous, nomadic, refugee, rural, and other marginalized communities emerging pedagogies such as curation, open resources, massive open online courses (MOOCs), and self-directed learning contextual factors, including pedagogy, ethics, scaling, research methodology and culture, and consequences of innocuous or harmful implementation and deployment the nature of participation by global capital, multinationals, education systems, international agencies, national governments, and telecoms companies. Scholars, academics, policymakers, and program managers are increasingly using mobile technologies to support disadvantaged or disempowered communities in learning more effectively and appropriately. This book's diverse research precedents will help these and other stakeholders meet the challenges and opportunities of our complex, increasingly connected world and work with greater cultural and ethical sensitivity at the intersection of education, research, and technology.

Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Ghana - Tsapali, Maria; Major, Louis; Damani, Kalifa; Mitchell, Joel; Taddese, Abeba (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Flood Vulnerability across Watersheds in Kano State - Tudunwada, I.Y.; Aduojo, A.; Dakagan, J.B. (Nigeria African Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Kano Heat Islands (HIs) through Remotely Sensed Biophysical Parameters - Tudunwada, I.Y.; Aduojo, A.; Dakagan, J.B. (African Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

How physical and built environments impact learning and inclusivity in educational settings: supporting evidence-based practice - Twiss, Trisha Ann (Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University, 2021)
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT

LearnIn Implementation Plan 2020 - 2025 - UNCEF ECARO (2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing

Current state of comprehensive sexual education for young people with disabilities in the East and Southern African region: needs assessment; regional report | Health and Education Resource Centre - UNESCO (2021)

Needs assessment: Current state of Comprehensive Sexual Education for Young People with Disabilities in the East and Southern African region. - UNESCO (2021)

Strengthening education management information systems for increased resilience to crises: a synthesis of case studies - UNESCO Digital Library - UNESCO (2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing

Teachers deployment and retention | Education | IIEP Policy Toolbox - UNESCO-IIEP (2021)
The surge in primary school enrolment and the push for improved quality has resulted in an acute shortage of teachers, making proper deployment and retention policies fundamental.
Keywords: C:LMIC

Reimagine Education with the Learning Passport: The case of Kosovo - UNICEF Kosovo Office (UNICEF, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing

How to Note - Preparing Evaluation Reports - USAID (2021)
Main Body Text, and Annexes. The Main Body Text of the report should include the evaluation purpose and questions, background, methods and limitations, and findings, conclusions, and recommendations (if requested). Reports may include additional content, split the sections up differently, or present the sections in a different order.

Policy Linking for Measuring Global Learning Outcomes - USAID; World Bank; Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office; Australian Council for Education Research; MSI (2021)
Check out the policy linking video below , Express Interest in an Upcoming Training , USAID has worked closely with global partners including with the World Bank, UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)

Teaching tech to talk: K-12 conversational artificial intelligence literacy curriculum and development tools - Van Brummelen, Jessica; Heng, Tommy; Tabunshchyk, Viktoriya (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Automation of systematic literature reviews: A systematic literature review - van Dinter, Raymon; Tekinerdogan, Bedir; Catal, Cagatay (Information and Software Technology, 2021)
Objective: This study aims to collect and synthesize the studies that focus on the automation of SLR to pave the way for further research. Method: A systematic literature review is conducted on published primary studies on the automation of SLR studies, in which 41 primary studies have been analyzed. Results: This SLR identifies the objectives of automation studies, application domains, automated steps of the SLR, automation techniques, and challenges and solution directions. Conclusion: According to our study, the leading automated step is the Selection of Primary Studies. Although many studies have provided automation approaches for systematic literature reviews, no study has been found to apply automation techniques in the planning and reporting phase. Further research is needed to support the auto mation of the other activities of the SLR process.
Keywords: Automation; Machine learning; Natural language processing; Review; Systematic literature review (SLR); Text mining; _Added-ailr-2024

Modeling the Epidemic Growth of Preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 - Vasconcelos, Giovani L.; Cordeiro, Luan P.; Duarte-Filho, Gerson C.; Brum, Arthur A. (Frontiers in Physics, 2021)
The response of the scientific community to the global health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has produced an unprecedented number of manuscripts in a short period of time, the vast majority of which have been shared in the form of preprints posted on online preprint repositories before peer review. This surge in preprint publications has in itself attracted considerable attention, although mostly in the bibliometrics literature. In the present study we apply a mathematical growth model, known as the generalized Richards model, to describe the time evolution of the cumulative number of COVID-19 related preprints. This mathematical approach allows us to infer several important aspects concerning the underlying growth dynamics, such as its current stage and its possible evolution in the near future. We also analyze the rank-frequency distribution of preprints servers, ordered by the number of COVID-19 preprints they host, and find that it follows a power law in the low rank (high frequency) region, with the high rank (low frequency) tail being better described by a q-exponential function. The Zipf-like law in the high frequency regime indicates the presence of a cumulative advantage effect, whereby servers that already have more preprints receive more submissions.

Teacher motivation for online learning: piloting a microlearning support system | VVOB in Rwanda - VVOB (VVOB, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing

Effects of Classroom Air Quality on Learning in Schools - Wargocki, Pawel (Handbook of Indoor Air Quality, 2021)
This chapter describes the evidence of the effects of indoor air quality (IAQ) on learning of children and gives an overview of the size of the effects expected. The results from the published experiments on the effects of classroom air quality on the performance of schoolwork do confirm that these effects are systematic and show that improving classroom air quality will have a significant positive effect on some aspects of learning, both on cognitive skills and academic attainment, as well as academic achievements and absence rates. Present studies show that to ensure classroom IAQ conducive to learning, CO2 levels (indicating the adequacy of ventilation) should be kept below 900 ppm at all times. It should be ensured that windows can be opened when needed, to improve classroom IAQ, and CO2 sensors should be installed to indicate when windows must be open (or any other measure to improve IAQ must be executed) if the CO2 concentration is too high and when they should be closed to conserve energy.
Keywords: Absence rate; BE:RELEVANT; Carbon dioxide; Learning; Schools; Sleep; Ventilation

TAIL, a new scheme for rating indoor environmental quality in offices and hotels undergoing deep energy renovation (EU ALDREN project) - Wargocki, Pawel; Wei, Wenjuan; Bendžalová, Jana; Espigares-Correa, Carlos; Gerard, Christophe; Greslou, Olivier; Rivallain, Mathieu; Sesana, Marta Maria; Olesen, Bjarne W.; Zirngibl, Johann (Energy and Buildings, 2021)
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT

The relationship between educational television and mathematics capability in Tanzania - Watson, Joe; Hennessy, Sara; Vignoles, Anna (British Journal of Educational Technology, 2021)
Previous studies have often demonstrated that educational television can have a positive effect on learning outcomes in low-income countries when delivered in controlled settings. However, existing research in low-resource contexts has scarcely considered the association between child outcomes and viewing in usual environments (ie, at their home, a friend’s home or a relative’s home). This lack of research is striking, as evidence from controlled settings might provide limited information on the effects of normal television exposure. This paper, therefore, investigates the relationship between normal exposure to a popular Tanzania-produced cartoon, Ubongo Kids and mathematics capability, as represented by plausible values derived from an item response theory model applied to children’s test responses. Cross-sectional investigation of a sample of 38 682 Tanzanian children suggested normal educational television exposure to be significantly associated with mathematics capability, when controlling for age, sex, school enrolment, Kiswahili attainment and household fixed effects. While cross-sectional results are not necessarily causal, the findings in this paper broadly correspond with those from previous designs using repeated observations. What is more, considering association results alongside cost and viewership estimates suggests television-based interventions to be highly cost effective. Practitioner Notes What is already known about this topic National data for Tanzania suggests the country to have both low levels of mathematics proficiency and considerable access to television technology. Educational television-based interventions might, therefore, be worthy of consideration by educational policymakers, especially given that studies conducted in controlled settings indicate that television can deliver learning benefits. There is, however, little evidence concerning educational television exposure outside of controlled settings. Only one such study in a low-income context that concerned the association between learning outcomes and viewing among primary-age children has been identified. What this paper adds This paper addresses this dearth of research by investigating the association between normal exposure to a Tanzanian cartoon, Ubongo Kids and mathematics capability, as derived from an item response theory model applied to the test responses of 38 682 children. Cross-sectional findings suggest the association between normal television exposure and mathematics capability to be significant. Further, a cost-effectiveness comparison with alternate interventions in comparable contexts indicates that educational television is highly cost-effective. Implications for practice and/or policy The findings presented in this paper concerning educational television viewership in usual environments act to triangulate those from prior research conducted in controlled settings. As such, policymakers in low-income contexts now possess more convincing evidence on the potential influence of educational television interventions. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness comparison made suggests that educational television should be considered a viable option by policymakers seeking to address learning outcomes with limited resources.
Keywords: Tanzania; cost effectiveness; educational television; mathematics

Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning - Watters, Audrey (2021)

Exploring Math Education Relations by Analyzing Large Data Sets II. Research Memorandum. ETS RM-21-02. - Weeks, Jonathan; Baron, Patricia (Educational Testing Service, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; ⛔ No DOI found

Participatory Case Study Work: Approaches, Authenticity and Application in Ageing Studies - Williams, Sion; Keady, John (2021)

An Evaluation of the Literacy-Infused Science Using Technology Innovation Opportunity (LISTO) i3 Evaluation (Valid 45) Final Report. - Wolf, Rebecca; Cook, Michael; Reid, Alan; Neitzel, Amanda; Ross, Steven; Risman, Kelsey (Grantee Submission, 2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; ⛔ No DOI found

A Methodology for Deploying a Digital Literacy Framework for Diverse Socioeconomic and Sector Contexts - Woo, James David; Law, Nancy Y.W. (ICT and International Learning Ecologies, 2021)

The Impacts of Teacher Training and Parental Engagement on Kindergarten Quality in Ghana - Woolf, Sharon; Aber, J.Lawrence; Berhman, Jere R. (Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (JPAL), 2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

A Landscape Review of ICT for Disability-Inclusive Education - World Bank (2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing

Acting now to protect the human capital of our children - World Bank (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

Breaking old habits and adopting new ones: how to change teaching practice when change is hard - World Bank (2021)
The types of skills an effective educator hasare: being skilled in developing safe and supportive learning environments, checking for student understanding, adjusting instruction according to needs, developing socio- and emotional competences in their learners, among others.

GDP per capita cCurent US$) - Sierra Leone - World Bank (World Bank Data, 2021)
Keywords: _C:Sierra Leone SLE

Teachers and Teaching in Sierra Leone : Teacher Quality and Management Study - World Bank (2021)
Keywords: _C:Sierra Leone

The State of the Global Education Crisis: A Path to Recovery (Vol. 1): Report - World Bank; UNESCO; UNICEF (: The World Bank, UNESCO, and UNICEF, 2021)

Major climate change-induced risks to human health in South Africa - Wright, Caradee Y.; Kapwata, Thandi; Du Preez, David Jean; Wernecke, Bianca; Garland, Rebecca M.; Nkosi, Vusumuzi; Landman, Willem A.; Dyson, Liesl; Norval, Mary (Environmental Research, 2021)
Keywords: BE:LMIC; BE:RELEVANT

Optimising thermostat settings in school and office buildings for thermal comfort, cognitive performance and energy efficiency - Wyon, David P.; Wargocki, Pawel (2021)
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT; ⛔ No DOI found

Urban water resource management for sustainable environment planning using artificial intelligence techniques - Xiang, Xiaojun; Li, Qiong; Khan, Shahnawaz; Khalaf, Osamah Ibrahim (Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2021)

AI Applications in Education - Xu, Zhengyu; Wei, Yingjia; Zhang, Jinming (Artificial Intelligence for Communications and Networks, 2021)
In recent years, led by the wave of artiﬁcial intelligence, “artiﬁcial intelligence + education” has become a very hot topic. More and more traditional educational institutions have begun to organize and layout the ﬁeld of ARTIFICIAL intelligence education. Training artiﬁcial intelligence talents will become an important mission of education. Meanwhile, educational methods will change with the development of artiﬁcial intelligence, and the deep integration of artiﬁcial intelligence and education will become the development trend of the future education world. The future has come, when education and artiﬁcial intelligence meet, what kind of spark will be produced? This paper mainly discusses the application, research status and development trend of artiﬁcial intelligence in the ﬁeld of education, as well as the deep integration of artiﬁcial intelligence and education.

Temperature-dependent ventilation rates might improve perceived air quality in a demand-controlled ventilation strategy - Yang, Aileen; Holøs, Sverre B.; Resvoll, Marie Opsahl; Mysen, Mads; Fjellheim, Øystein (Building and Environment, 2021)
Keywords: BE:RELEVANT

Teacher turnover in Rwanda - Zeitlin, Andrew (Journal of African Economies, 2021)

Exploring machine learning potential for climate change risk assessment - Zennaro, Federica; Furlan, Elisa; Simeoni, Christian; Torresan, Silvia; Aslan, Sinem; Critto, Andrea; Marcomini, Antonio (Earth-Science Reviews, 2021)

Policy Learning with Adaptively Collected Data - Zhan, Ruohan; Zhimei, Ren; Athey, Susan; Zhou, Zhengyuan (2021)
Keywords: Final_citation; cited; existing; ⛔ No DOI found

Planning maize hybrids adaptation to future climate change by integrating crop modelling with machine learning - Zhang, Liangliang; Zhang, Zhao; Tao, Fulu; Luo, Yuchuan; Cao, Juan; Li, Ziyue; Xie, Ruizhi; Li, Shaokun (Environmental Research Letters, 2021)
Keywords: _z:no_pdf

Cyberbullying Among Adolescents and Children: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures - Zhu, Chengyan; Huang, Shiqing; Evans, Richard; Zhang, Wei (Frontiers in Public Health, 2021)
Background: Cyberbullying is well-recognized as a severe public health issue which affects both adolescents and children. Most extant studies have focused on national and regional effects of cyberbullying, with few examining the global perspective of cyberbullying. This systematic review comprehensively examines the global situation, risk factors, and preventive measures taken worldwide to fight cyberbullying among adolescents and children.Methods: A systematic review of available literature was completed following PRISMA guidelines using the search themes “cyberbullying” and “adolescent or children”; the time frame was from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2019. Eight academic databases pertaining to public health, and communication and psychology were consulted, namely: Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Communication & Mass Media Complete, CINAHL, and PsycArticles. Additional records identified through other sources included the references of reviews and two websites, Cyberbullying Research Center and United Nations Children's Fund. A total of 63 studies out of 2070 were included in our final review focusing on cyberbullying prevalence and risk factors.Results: The prevalence rates of cyberbullying preparation ranged from 6.0 to 46.3%, while the rates of cyberbullying victimization ranged from 13.99 to 57.5%, based on 63 references. Verbal violence was the most common type of cyberbullying. Fourteen risk factors and three protective factors were revealed in this study. At the personal level, variables associated with cyberbullying including age, gender, online behavior, race, health condition, past experience of victimization, and impulsiveness were reviewed as risk factors. Likewise, at the situational level, parent-child relationship, interpersonal relationships, and geographical location were also reviewed in relation to cyberbullying. As for protective factors, empathy and emotional intelligence, parent-child relationship, and school climate were frequently mentioned.Conclusion: The prevalence rate of cyberbullying has increased significantly in the observed 5-year period, and it is imperative that researchers from low and middle income countries focus sufficient attention on cyberbullying of children and adolescents. Despite a lack of scientific intervention research on cyberbullying, the review also identified several promising strategies for its prevention from the perspectives of youths, parents and schools. More research on cyberbullying is needed, especially on the issue of cross-national cyberbullying. International cooperation, multi-pronged and systematic approaches are highly encouraged to deal with cyberbullying.
Keywords: Final_citation; anystyle; existing

A district level study on the deployment, allocation and utilisation of teachers between and within Malawi’s primary schools: an accountability and political settlement approach - Zubairi, Asma Tahseen (University of Cambridge, 2021)

Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Pakistan - Zubairi, Asma; Halim, Waqas; Kaye, Tom; Wilson, Sam (EdTech Hub, 2021)
Keywords: _r:ImportedToMyEducationEvidence; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Country-level research review: EdTech in Pakistan - Zubairi, Asma; Halim, Waqas; Kaye, Tom; Wilson, Samuel (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

EdTech to Reach the Most Marginalised: A Call to Action - Zubairi, Asma; Kreimeia, Adam; Jefferies, Kate; Nicolai, Susan (EdTech Hub. https://docs. edtechhub. org/lib/W8DB96IE/download/XDMFQU9V …, 2021)

Country-Level Research Review: EdTech in Bangladesh - Zubairi, Asma; Kreimeia, Adam; Kaye, Tom; Ashlee, Amy (2021)
Keywords: ⛔ No DOI found

A Study on Cambodia Pre-service Secondary School Teacher Education with the Perspective of Teacher Professionalism - 이신애 (서울대학교 대학원, 2021)
The purpose of this study is to propose implications for improving Cambodia secondary pre-service teacher education in the view of teacher professionalism. To do so, this study attempts to review the current system and implementation of Cambodia secondary pre-service teacher education and reveal perception of current Cambodia teachers. The survey data in this analysis are from the secondary school teachers in Kampong Chhnang province. Survey, conducted in 2020, provides detailed information on to realistic perception and understanding on effectiveness of pre-service teacher education and teacher professionalism. For analyzing data, descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA are performed using SPSS Window 27.0. The research reveals that firstly, teachers have same degree of extrinsic motivation (monetary reward) and intrinsic motivation (interest in subject and teaching). As previous research reveals, in developing nations, extrinsic motivation can promote intrinsic motivation of teachers who are facing poverty. It provides evidence to make ‘motivational synergy’ for increasing motivation of Cambodia teachers. Secondly, respondent teachers perceived level of effectiveness to professional identity is the lowest score. Lastly, teachers who perceive professional teacher as ‘highly respected with social status’ have the highest training need for continuous learning. Thus, policy implications for making teachers feel that they are socially respected and valued with high prestige is positively influencing to teachers’ will of pursuing continuous learning and professional development. Finding suggests three policy implications. First, there needs to be greater need for improving curriculum for teachers’ professional identity. In other words, a focus on technical, competence and knowledge-based teacher professionalism need to be shifted to inner and moral aspect of teacher by developing curriculum and space to allow preservice teachers to shape and reflect on the meaning of teaching, learning and ultimately professional teacher. Secondly, additional one-year (named ‘professional year) is recommended for enhance Cambodia teacher education credibility and extend career choices that preservice teachers have. Lastly guideline reports on teacher education in developing countries need to be published by professional Korean research institutions. It is because, despite of enhanced global standing and expectation of Korean international development, global education cooperation is not professional yet.

Characteristics of effective teacher education in low- and middle-income countries: an overview (HDR10A) (forthcoming) - Haßler, Björn; McBurnie, Chris; Allier-Gagneur, Zoe (2020)
Keywords: Author:Haßler; Author:OpenDevEd; AuthorFirst:Haßler; Björn-CV-OECS; C:Bangladesh; COV:COVID and reopening of schools; E:Pedagogy; E:Teacher education (pre-service and in-service); F: Helpdesk response; LP: English; _EdTechHub_Output; __C:filed:1; _cover:v1; _forthcoming; _r:ImportedToMyEducationEvidence; _yl:g; _zenodoETH; _zenodoODE; docs.opendeved.net; dode_eth-src-eth; dode_eth-trf2-dode

The impact of stress on students in secondary school and higher education - Pascoe, Michaela C.; Hetrick, Sarah E.; Parker, Alexandra G. (International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 2020)
Students in secondary and tertiary education settings face a wide range of ongoing stressors related to academic demands. Previous research indicates that academic-related stress can reduce academic achievement, decrease motivation and increase the risk of school dropout. The longer-term impacts, which include reduced likelihood of sustainable employment, cost Governments billions of dollars each year. This narrative review presents the most recent research concerning the impact of academic-related stress, including discussion of the impact on students’ learning capacity and academic performance, mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, sleep disturbances and substance use.
Keywords: Academic; _genre:PR-primary_research; adolescent health; education; mental health and well-being; stress

Educational Technology to Improve Capacity – Integrating Adaptive Education Programmes in Public School in Kenya - Kaye, Tom (Trust, Accountability and Capacity in Education System Reform, 2020)

Theorising Evidence-Informed Learning Technology Enterprises: A Participatory Design-Based Research Approach - Moeini, Anissa (UCL (University College London), 2020)
The goal of this doctoral work was to build a bridge between academia and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the educational technology (edtech) sector by bringing the rigour of academic research methods to start-up and scale-up environments so that they can conceptualise and realise products that are built with evidence from the learning sciences. The overall research question, What theoretical framework supports edtech enterprises to build evidence-informed products and services? is answered through a design-based research methodology with six Cycles of research, grouped into three Phases, each with goals that evolve in an iterative way. A design-based research approach was chosen after a highly exploratory Phase surveying London’s edtech ecosystem prior to Cycle 1. Part 1 (Cycles 1 and 2) focused on developing the construct in question (a practical framework for building research-minded edtech enterprises) through a participatory design process with key Participants. Part 2 (Cycles 3 and 4) focused on evaluating the new construct with Participants. Part 3 (Cycles 5 and 6) validated the framework developed in Parts 1 and 2 with edtech enterprises both from the EDUCATE programme and also the greater global ecosystem. The theoretical contribution of this study is the ELTE construct and its 7 Sub-Constructs, including Learning Culture, Leadership Vision, Sense of Purpose, Teamwork, Research Know-How and Action Orientation; the ELTE Survey outlining all facets each Sub-Construct in the framework; and the ELTE Sub-Construct Hierarchy Model, introducing Sub-Construct dependencies. Methodological contributions of this study include the ELTE Action Model, an effective boundary object for researchers when approaching edtech enterprises to understand how the ELTE framework has uniquely manifested within the structures of their organisations, and ELTE Hallmark Questions, an introductory tools for researchers to give context to enterprises regarding the ELTE model prior to a workshop, line of inquiry, or discussion regarding the model’s particular manifestation enterprise context. The contributions of this study represent an intellectual advancement in our understanding of evidence-informed design and development within the edtech sector, and it provides a tool of practical use to edtech SMEs that want to become Evidence-informed Learning Technology Enterprises.

Challenge-based learning in higher education: an exploratory literature review - Gallagher, Silvia Elena; Savage, Timothy (Teaching in Higher Education, 2020)
The application of Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) has increased in higher education institutions, fostering student transversal competencies, knowledge of sociotechnical problems, and collaboration with industry and community actors. However, a broad range of different frameworks, hybrid approaches, and educational interventions are using this term to define their approach. This lack of standardization creates definitional and conceptual challenges for the domain. A review of CBL literature was conducted to examine key characteristics, challenges and benefits, and educational factors. A total of 100 articles were reviewed using a qualitative thematic matrix. Results describe CBL benefits despite many institutional, practical and academic challenges. Although there was much variability in CBL approaches, eight common characteristics emerged from the literature. This research can support future research and implementation of CBL by providing a guiding conceptual framework and a preliminary classification of CBL approaches.
Keywords: Challenge-based learning; educational methods; educational theories; higher education

Financial Incentives to Reduce Female Infanticide, Child Marriage and Promote Girl’s Education: Institutional and Monitoring Mechanisms - Birch, Izzy (2020)
The focus of this paper is on the complementary mechanisms and interventions likely to increase the effectiveness and impact of conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in South Asia that aim to reduce female infanticide and child marriage and promote girls’ education. The literature on the institutional aspects of these particular schemes is limited, but from this and from the wider literature on CCT programmes in similar contexts, the following institutional mechanisms are likely to enhance success: a strong information and communication strategy that enhances programme reach and coverage and ensures stakeholder awareness; advance agreements with financial institutions; a simple and flexible registration process; appropriate use of technology to strengthen access, disbursement, and oversight; adequate implementation capacity to support processes of outreach, enrolment, and monitoring; monitoring and accountability mechanisms embedded in programme design; coordination mechanisms across government across social protection schemes; an effective management information system; and the provision of quality services in the sectors for which conditions are required. There is a very limited body of evidence that explores these institutional issues as they apply to the specific CCT programmes that are the focus of this report, however, there is more available evidence of the potential impact of ‘cash-plus’ programmes, which complement the transfers with other interventions designed to enhance their results or address the structural barriers to well-being

A typology and framework for professional learning communities (PLCs) in LMICs (R&E Search for Evidence, 2020)
Professional learning communities (PLCs) are an alternative approach to teacher professional development, especially in low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). Existing conceptualizations of PLCs in Western literature, however, don’t recognize that PLCs in LMICs may operate differently to reflect local contexts. In fact, much of the literature considers PLCs only school-based, organic initiatives and doesn’t acknowledge that PLCs in LMICs are often purposeful and part of broad educational reforms. A previous post describes this lack of evidence. In order to address this lack of evidence, we realized we first needed a conceptual understanding of PLCs, grounded in the realities of LMICs. So we conducted a study in Equatorial Guinea, Ghana and Nigeria to create a typology of PLCs in sub-Saharan Africa. We then combined our typology with existing conceptualizations to inform the design of a PLC framework. Our framework establishes conceptual foundations for future research and equips practitioners with guidance for designing and promoting PLCs. We describe our findings and the integrated conceptual framework we created in this post.

How Much Can We Generalize From Impact Evaluations? - Vivalt, Eva (Journal of the European Economic Association, 2020)
Impact evaluations can help to inform policy decisions, but they are rooted in particular contexts and to what extent they generalize is an open question. I exploit a new data set of impact evaluation results and find a large amount of effect heterogeneity. Effect sizes vary systematically with study characteristics, with government-implemented programs having smaller effect sizes than academic or non-governmental organization-implemented programs, even controlling for sample size. I show that treatment effect heterogeneity can be appreciably reduced by taking study characteristics into account.

Financial Incentives to Reduce Female Infanticide, Child Marriage and Promote Girl’s Education: Impact - Haider, Huma (2020)
This review examines evidence on the key design features and impact of programmes that use Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) or baby bonds to reduce female infanticide, child marriage and promote girl’s education. Conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes have been adopted to promote the survival and well-being of girls. They provide parents with financial incentives to raise daughters; to delay marrying them until age 18, and to reduce the gender imbalance in school. Given that many CCT programmes aimed at addressing girl children are relatively new, it has in many cases been too early to evaluate their effectiveness. There is thus limited evidence of the impact of their implementation and outcomes. This helpdesk report focuses on recent studies, published in the past five years, on select programmes implemented in South Asia, particularly in India, for which there is the most available information. Evidence suggests that CCT programmes aimed at supporting the girl child have succeeded in promoting school enrolment and delaying marriage in South Asia. It is less clear, however, the extent to which these transfers have affected gender-biased sex selection.

Education and Management Engineering - Hassan, Malik; Mirza, Tabasum; Hussain, Mirza (International Journal of Education and Management Engineering, 2020)
The world has witnessed a sudden change in the teaching-learning processes due to the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19. The worldwide compulsive lockdown for ensuring the preventive measures to stop the spread of this infection has equally affected education sector as other business sectors. As all of us know that quality education is the only long-term rescue for all the challenges and therefore, the need to find out the alternative solution to the traditional classroom teaching-learning is the concern of all stakeholders and the only option found is online mode of teaching-learning, which was somehow already available and had attracted an intense attention during this period. The aim of the paper is to study the teacher's perspective in India about this mode of learning, challenges and issues faced by them in migration to online platform, experience about online tools/platforms used for instructional delivery and their suggestions to improve the process for effective teaching. This study will help in gaining insight towards the possible improvements in the ongoing mode of online teaching and in future situations also. The results obtained based on sample collection through web based questionnaire clearly gives some information, which could be an eye opener for enhancing the implementation of the online teaching-learning among the learners especially teachers, who can further help in implementation of the large. Although, the online mode was already in place and was utilized in blended form to a substantial level in the developed countries, but in developing countries like India, where teachers are not familiar with online platforms/tools, lack of knowledge and skills to handle the online ICT infrastructure in a challenging situation. The results also give an impression about the need of professional development with special focus on digital literacy skills and awareness among the teacher community about the merits of online platforms for the teaching-learning process.

abc - a, b (2020)
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Feasibility of satellite image and GIS sampling for population representative surveys: a case study from rural Guatemala - Miller, Ann C.; Rohloff, Peter; Blake, Alexandre; Dhaenens, Eloin; Shaw, Leah; Tuiz, Eva; Grandesso, Francesco; Mendoza Montano, Carlos; Thomson, Dana R. (International Journal of Health Geographics, 2020)
Population-representative household survey methods require up-to-date sampling frames and sample designs that minimize time and cost of fieldwork especially in low- and middle-income countries. Traditional methods such as multi-stage cluster sampling, random-walk, or spatial sampling can be cumbersome, costly or inaccurate, leading to well-known biases. However, a new tool, Epicentre’s Geo-Sampler program, allows simple random sampling of structures, which can eliminate some of these biases. We describe the study design process, experiences and lessons learned using Geo-Sampler for selection of a population representative sample for a kidney disease survey in two sites in Guatemala.
Keywords: Guatemala; Population-representative study; Sample selection; Sampling frame; Simple random sample

COVID-19 put 1.6 billion children out of school. Here's how to upgrade education post-pandemic - Karboul, Amel (World Economic Forum, 2020)
Outcomes-based education, where funding is dependent on results, could help ensure quality schooling for millions in a post-pandemic world where social budgets are constrained.

TheoryOn: A Design Framework and System for Unlocking Behavioral Knowledge Through Ontology Learning - Li, Jingjing; Larsen, Kai; Abbasi, Ahmed (MIS Quarterly, 2020)
The scholarly information-seeking process for behavioral research consists of three phases: searching, accessing, and processing of past research. Existing IT artifacts, such as Google Scholar, have in part addressed the searching and accessing phases, but fall short of facilitating the processing phase, creating a knowledge inaccessibility problem. We propose a behavioral ontology learning from text (BOLT) design framework that presents concrete prescriptions for developing systems capable of supporting researchers during their processing of behavioral knowledge. Based upon BOLT, we developed a search engine—TheoryOn—to allow researchers to directly search for constructs, construct relationships, antecedents, and consequents, and to easily integrate related theories. Our design framework and search engine were rigorously evaluated through a series of data mining experiments, a randomized user experiment, and an applicability check. The data mining experiment results lent credence to the design principles prescribed by BOLT. The randomized experiment compared TheoryOn with EBSCOhost and Google Scholar across four information retrieval tasks, illustrating TheoryOn’s ability to reduce false positives and false negatives during the information-seeking process. Furthermore, an in-depth applicability check with IS scholars offered qualitative support for the efficacy of an ontology-based search and the usefulness of TheoryOn during the processing phase of existing research. The evaluation results collectively underscore the significance of our proposed design artifacts for addressing the knowledge inaccessibility problem for behavioral research literature.
Keywords: _Added-ailr-2024

National guidelines for school re-entry in early learning and basic education - Ministry of Education (Population Council, 2020)

School’s Out: Experimental Evidence on Limiting Learning Loss Using “Low-Tech” in a Pandemic - Angrist, Noam; Bergman, Peter; Matsheng, Moitshepi (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020)
Schools closed extensively during the COVID-19 pandemic and occur in other settings, such as teacher strikes and natural disasters. This paper provides some of the first experimental evidence on strategies to minimize learning loss when schools close. We run a randomized trial of low-technology interventions – SMS messages and phone calls – with parents to support their child. The combined treatment cost-effectively improves learning by 0.12 standard deviations. We develop remote assessment innovations, which show robust learning outcomes. Our findings have immediate policy relevance and long-run implications for the role of technology and parents as partial educational substitutes when schooling is disrupted.

Education Coverage in Sierra Leone - GRID3 (2020)
Keywords: _C:Luxembourg LUX; _C:Sierra Leone SLE; _C:United Kingdom GBR; __C:filed:1; __C:scheme:1

More Data, More Relations, More Context and More Openness: A Review and Outlook for Relation Extraction - Han, Xu; Gao, Tianyu; Lin, Yankai; Peng, Hao; Yang, Yaoliang; Xiao, Chaojun; Liu, Zhiyuan; Li, Peng; Zhou, Jie; Sun, Maosong (AACL 2020, 2020)
Relational facts are an important component of human knowledge, which are hidden in vast amounts of text. In order to extract these facts from text, people have been working on relation extraction (RE) for years. From early pattern matching to current neural networks, existing RE methods have achieved significant progress. Yet with explosion of Web text and emergence of new relations, human knowledge is increasing drastically, and we thus require “more” from RE: a more powerful RE system that can robustly utilize more data, efficiently learn more relations, easily handle more complicated context, and flexibly generalize to more open domains. In this paper, we look back at existing RE methods, analyze key challenges we are facing nowadays, and show promising directions towards more powerful RE. We hope our view can advance this field and inspire more efforts in the community.

Preservice teachers' perceptions about the use of blended learning in a science education methods course - Yılmaz, Özkan; Malone, Kathy L (Smart Learning Environments, 2020)
The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine the effectiveness of blended learning within the context of a science education methods course for early childhood elementary preservice teachers in Turkey. Elementary teachers historically fear science and avoid using it in their classes. This course was blended to allow the students to experience active science learning during face to face sessions. Student perceptions about their experiences in a blended methods course were collected using a previously validated survey. The data analysis of the post-test only survey research design demonstrated that students’ perceptions were positive towards the use of blended learning within their science education methods course. However, the analysis determined that students felt that certain technical aspects of the blended learning environment hindered their learning.
Keywords: Blended learning; Data analysis; Education; Education--Teaching Methods And Curriculum; Elementary preservice teachers; Higher education; Learning; Learning environment; Science education; Science instruction; Science methods courses; Students; Teachers; Teaching methods; __:import:01; __:match:final; __:matched; __:study_id:2095728; __finaldtb

Two Thirds of the World’s School-Age Children Have No Internet Access at Home, New UNICEF-ITU Report Says - UNICEF, I.T.U. (2020)
Keywords: Final_citation; anystyle; existing

The Future of Aid: Global Public Investment - Glennie, Jonathan (Routledge, 2020)
International cooperation has never been more needed, but the current system of “aid” is outdated and ineffective. The Future of Aid calls for a wholesale restructuring of the aid project, a totally new approach fit for the challenges of the 21st century: Global Public Investment. Across the world, billions of people are struggling to get by in unequal and unsustainable societies, and international public finance, which should be part of the answer, is woefully deficient. Engagingly written by a well-known expert in the field, The Future of Aid calls for a series of paradigm shifts. From a narrow focus on poverty to a broader attack on inequality and sustainability. From seeing international public money as a temporary last resort, to valuing it as a permanent force for good. From North-South transfers to a collective effort, with all paying in and all benefitting. From outdated post-colonial institutions to representative decision-making. From the othering and patronising language of “foreign aid”, to the empowering concept of Global Public Investment. Ten years ago, in The Trouble with Aid, Jonathan Glennie highlighted the dangers of aid dependency and the importance of looking beyond aid. Now he calls for a revolution in the way that we think about the role of public money to back up our ambitious global objectives. In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, it is time for a new era of internationalism.
Keywords: Business & Economics / Globalization; Education / Philosophy, Theory & Social Aspects; Political Science / International Relations / Arms Control; Social Science / Developing & Emerging Countries

Monitoring Distance Education: A Brief to Support Decision-Making in Bangladesh and Other Low- and Lower-Middle Income Countries - Kaye, Tom; Groeneveld, Caspar; Bashir, Amreen (2020)
Keywords: ___duplicate_item; dode_eth-src-dode; dode_eth-trf2-dode

Monitoring and evaluating radio in education - McBurnie, Chris (2020)
Keywords: Author:OpenDevEd; _r:ImportedToMyEducationEvidence

Effectiveness of Multimodal Microlearning for In-service Teacher Training - Allela, Melisa Achoko; Ogange, Betty Obura; Junaid, Muhammad Ibn; Charles, Prince Brainard (Journal of Learning for Development, 2020)
To meet the growing demand for continuing professional development of practising teachers, the integrated in-service teacher training (INSET) programme aims at making permanent improvements on the quality of teaching and learning for Junior Secondary School (JSS) Teachers in Sierra Leone. Within this context, a toolkit for School-Based Teacher Development was created and microlearning identified as an ideal mode to deliver the toolkit content. In this paper, we present the design considerations that informed this decision as well as challenges and lessons learned from the first implementation of the INSET project for junior secondary school teachers in Sierra Leone. A multimodal approach was considered and implemented to mitigate Internet access challenges and to expand learning opportunities. These include a mobile app version of the Toolkit, offline access to microlearning resources on the TeacherFutures platform via the Moodle mobile app, a mobile app version of one INSET module, an e-portfolio to be used by participants in sharing their learnings as demonstrated and practised during a face-to-face  roll-out seminar, and finally, WhatsApp groups in which different schools engaged in discussions based on the questions on the Toolkit. Preliminary findings indicate a strong preference among participants for the use of WhatsApp as the main channel of communication within the communities of practice; and very limited use of the main e-learning Moodle platform and e-Portfolio. This necessitates a need to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the design of a multimodal approach for delivering microlearning content. From this, we seek to establish a set of design considerations, capacity building and technical support issues derived from analysis of data emerging from the ongoing project rollout. This will inform future integration of Microlearning resources in the teacher training project.
Keywords: _C:Sierra Leone SLE; micro-learning; multi-modal; teacher training; ⛔ No DOI found

Can’t Wait to Learn: A quasi-experimental mixed-methods evaluation of a digital game-based learning programme for out-of-school children in Sudan - Brown, Felicity L; Farag, Alawia I; Hussein Abd Alla, Faiza; Radford, Kate; Miller, Laura; Neijenhuijs, Koen; Stubbé, Hester; de Hoop, Thomas; Abdullatif Abbadi, Ahmed; Turner, Jasmine S.; Jetten, Andrea; Jordans, Mark J.D. (Journal of Development Effectiveness, 2020)
Innovations are needed to address the global issue of access to highquality education, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This paper shows quasi-experimental evidence that a digital game-based learning programme (‘Can’t Wait to Learn’) led to significantly greater improvements in mathematics competency, Arabic literacy competency, and psychological wellbeing of children aged 7–9 in Sudan, compared to state-provided education for out-of-school children, 6 months after the start of the programme implementation (n = 221). These findings were corroborated and extended by qualitative data from 33 focus group discussions and key informant interviews with children, learning directors, caregivers, community leaders, and supervisory staff. We found no differ ence between groups on child-reported hope, and we found evidence for a significant negative intervention effect on child-reported self-esteem, though the psychometric properties of these instruments were not ade quate. We report several considerations related to the experience of local facilitators, programme implementation challenges, and the importance of community acceptance and engagement for fidelity of implementation.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Parental Involvement on Students’ Academic Achievement - Erdem, Cahit; Kaya, Metin (Journal of Learning for Development, 2020)
This study aims to examine the effect of parental involvement on students’ academic achievement at pre-school, elementary and secondary levels by using the meta-analysis method with respect to home-based and school-based parental involvement strategies. Data consisted of 55 independent research studies in English published between 2010 and 2019, and accessed through ERIC, Academic Search Complete, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, and PsycNet databases. Findings revealed that the effect of parental involvement on academic achievement was positive but small. Parental expectations had the biggest effect on academic achievement and parental control had a negative and small effect. The mean effect of parental involvement on students’ academic achievement does not differ significantly according to moderator variables of education level, measurement type or measurement area but differs by developmental level of the country. The results are discussed using available related meta-analysis studies in the literature.
Keywords: academic achievement; developing countries; education level; meta-analysis; parental involvement; ⛔ No DOI found

Notes from the Field: 'Nurses International' Uses OER to Support Nurse Educators - Ewing, Helen; Chickering, Miriam; Burner, Lindsay; Keating, Stacen A.; Berland, Alex; Frank, Erica (Journal of Learning for Development, 2020)
Educating nurses in developing countries is challenging due to limited resources. Nurses International advances nursing education through the use of Open Educational Resources which provides a unique model to teach and mentor nurse educators globally. Using current resources and materials that are free online and teacher-facing, an innovative program has been established that can be employed to scale up education of the healthcare workforce through teaching the teachers and enhancing the education of nurses.
Keywords: Open Educational Resources; educator development; nurse education; ⛔ No DOI found

Teaching and Learning Experiences in Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Tanzania - Ibrahim, Glory; Luzinge, Heavenlight; Kapanda, Gibson (Journal of Learning for Development, 2020)
Objective The purpose of this paper was to share teaching and learning experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and mandated university closure. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among all eligible students and faculty members using voluntary anonymous questionnaires.  To capture the attitudes and perceptions of respondents, five-point Likert scale questions were used. Results A total of 865 (58%) students and 57 (51%) faculty members participated in the survey. Uptake of e-learning platforms increased by 15.4% for students, 43.0% for faculty and by 22.3% in courses. The overall students’ strength of consensus measure of perception on accessibility of platforms was 65% and support entities 79%. About 70% of students owned a smartphone as a learning device. More than 67% of the students highlighted the cost of Internet bundles as a major challenge. Conclusion Shifting from blended learning to online learning during the lockdown was feasible given the pre-planned e-learning practices.
Keywords: COVID-19; blended learning; online learning; students and faculty experiences; ⛔ No DOI found

Covid-19 School Closures in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Emergent Perspectives on the Role of Educational Technology - Jordan, Katy (Journal of Learning for Development, 2020)
The Covid-19 pandemic ushered in school closures at an unprecedented scale and prompted educational systems to find alternative teaching models at short notice. The role for educational technology in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has recently become the focus of much discussion. While prompted by the pandemic, the discussions surface latent issues in educational systems, and the perspectives and ambitions of organisations in relation to educational technology and LMICs. The influence of the discussions during this period is likely to extend beyond the initial crisis, and warrants investigation. This paper presents a thematic analysis, using a grounded theory approach, of documents published online between February and April 2020. Five themes emerge, in relation to access, responses, support from carers, teachers and communities, educational quality and the future.
Keywords: COVID-19; digital divide; education in emergencies. education systems; educational technology; ⛔ No DOI found

Reports from the Field: Primary School in Brazil Using Finnish Innovation Pedagogy to Create Meaningful Online Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Joshi, Marjo; Scheinin, Minna; Miranda, Luis; Piispa, Juliana (Journal of Learning for Development, 2020)
ISO Colegío in Paraiba, Brazil, implemented Finnish innovation pedagogy from Turku University of Applied Sciences (TUAS) as a pedagogical strategy in their new primary school in early 2020. The implementation started in class teaching but due to the pandemic, it was transferred online, still using the new pedagogical approaches. Experiences by teachers and pupils have so far been mostly positive. Management has been satisfied with the overall success and plan to continue with innovation pedagogy as a strategy.
Keywords: Brazil; Finland; online learning; pedagogy; ⛔ No DOI found