Seeing, thinking and acting against malaria - A new aprroach to health worker training in rural Gambia - Dawson, Angela; Joof, Balla Musa (Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice, 2005)
Context: In the Gambia, West Africa, Malaria is a major cause of death among children in rural areas. It has been estimated that in one division in the country malaria accounts for 40% of all deaths in children aged between one and 4 years. Most malaria cases are managed at home assisted by primary healthcare workers. The strategic plan of Gambia's National Malaria Control Programme includes improved training and supervision of all health care providers, at all levels, and increased community awareness in order to reduce the malaria burden by 50% before 2007. Issue: A malaria in-service training program for Community Health Nurses (CHNs) working at village level was piloted in 2004. The program includes a computer-based training (CBT) package, the first of its kind for health professionals in Gambia. The education program is part of a larger initiative, funded by the Gates Malaria Partnership, that aims to increase community involvement in malaria control. The objective of the course is to enable CHNs to facilitate the change process. The curriculum was informed by a reference group and stakeholder input. Interviews and evaluation forms were used to gather information about learner experience and learning preferences. Analysis: The CBT package was well received. Learners reported wanting more computer instruction, but felt they had gained confidence. There was resistance from other health professionals regarding the development of information technology skills in CHNs. This related to the perceived role and status of CHNs, as well as confidence in their ability. Some modifications of the CBT package were necessary, including the reworking of some activities and language. Lessons learned: There are issues related to sustainability and resource implications that need to be addressed. Opportunities exist to expand e-learning in the Gambia for preservice CHNs and other professionals. An investigation into the viability of reproducing this module as a generic planning tool for allied health workers and other extension workers at community level will be undertaken. © 2005 Taylor & Francis.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/13576280500307264 10/bfh3zx 2129771:KLEWJXLA 2317526:E2YJ43S8
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:West Africa; C:Gambia; CA:AandC; CL:en; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:D; CT:F; CT:P; CT:Q; CT:R; CT:T; D:developing context; F:curriculum; F:learning; P:health; P:health professionals; P:nurse; Q:ICT; Q:e-learning; R:evaluation; R:interview; T:Ausbildung; T:Training; T:work-based learning; Z:Community health nurses; Z:Computer based training developing contexts; Z:Health worker education and training; Z:computer based training developing contexts; Z:health worker education and training; publicImportV1

BNVQF - Botswana National Vocational Qualifications Framework - Government of Botswana (2005)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:LRZ92HFH 2317526:TGGR3UEF
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -GeneralCitations; CC:Botswana; Qualification Framework; publicImportV1

Vulnerability, partnerships and the pursuit of survival: Urban livelihoods and apprenticeship contracts in a West African City - Hanson, Kobena (GeoJournal, 2005)
This paper analyses local level apprenticeship contracts and networks to highlight informal urban livelihoods within the context of socio-economic vulnerability and wider contemporary changes taking place in Koforidua, Ghana. It does so by specifically examining the complex entanglements of interpersonal relationships that characterize apprenticeship contracts within which home-based entrepreneurs and artisans in Koforidua engage in to sustain both current livelihoods, as well as to shore themselves against socio-economic vulnerability triggered in part by adjustment. As a result of the changing geography of the city, network entanglements, comprising resilient ties and egalitarian relations, have become vital to urban livelihoods in this community. However, apprenticeship contracts and the networks they engender can be a double-edged sword. For instance, demands of reciprocity or support from co-network members, neighbours and family, can be so taxing that some individuals opt out of the network. This tension notwithstanding, this paper contends that apprenticeship contracts and the network spaces they create have created a new social cohesion and community that transcend the traditionally known spaces of social support, i.e. ethnic ties, family ties or even institutional support. © Springer 2005.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1007/s10708-005-7915-1 10/cjzk3k 2129771:QJBKZ3W3 2129771:W58GJ244 2317526:CDMIR86U 2317526:XVHN9P2E
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:West Africa; CA:AandC; CCZ:Ghana; CL:en; CL:pt; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:P; CT:T; P:artist; P:economy; P:measurement; P:social; T:Lehrlingsausbildung; Z:Apprenticeship contracts; Z:Micro-enterprises; Z:Social networks; Z:Socio-economic vulnerability; Z:Urban livelihoods; _C:Ghana GHA; publicImportV1

The Learnership Model of Workplace Training and Its Effective Management: Lessons Learnt from a Southern African Case Study - Davies, Theresa-Anne; Farquharson, Fiona (Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 2004)
Since 1998, the "Learnership" model of workplace training has been promoted in South Africa as a creative vehicle for addressing high unemployment rates and a serious skills shortage. This is achieved through fast-tracking the acquisition of skills and increasing a learner's chances of employment. However, because learnerships are a recent innovation, the body of applied knowledge is small. This article aims to contribute to what is known through examining a series of pilot projects, implemented between 1997 and 2001 in KwaZulu-Natal. A key finding concerns how learnerships are managed: the effective delivery of a learnership programme and of its outcomes requires the involvement of key stakeholders from the outset, role clarity and a carefully structured and monitored process of implementation. Using a case study approach, this article situates learnerships within the context of workplace training; explores four key lessons learnt and presents a proposed model of effective learnership management. (Contains 2 tables, 2 figures and 4 notes.)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/13636820400200253 10/bcrjt6 2129771:59R9JPXA 2317526:XHHAN5YZ
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:Sub-Saharan Africa; C:South Africa; CA:AandC; CL:en; CL:pt; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:F; CT:P; CT:R; CT:T; F:outcomes; P:measurement; R:case study; T:Lehrlingsausbildung; T:TVET; T:Training; Z:Apprenticeships; Z:Case Studies; Z:Education Work Relationship; Z:Foreign Countries; Z:Job Skills; Z:Job Training; Z:Labor Market; Z:Models; Z:Pilot Projects; Z:Skill Development; Z:Vocational Education; Z:Work Experience; publicImportV1

Vocational Education and Training through Open and Distance Learning: World review of distance education and open learning - Moran, L; Rumble, G (2004)
The world needs workers with more and better skills. Conventional apprenticeships and old methods of professional training are not providing enough skilled workers, so governments, companies and colleges are all using open and distance learning to fill these gaps. This unique international review of experience looks at the policies needed in both the private and the public sector for effective vocational education and training at all levels – from basic skills to continuing professional education. It goes on to examine the new roles of information and communication technologies, establishing what we know about their performance, and identifying the choices to be made in applying technologies to vocational education and training. The book will help senior institutional managers and policy makers to understand and appreciate: • the role distance education can play in increasing skills levels in young people and the existing workforce; • the potential advantages and disadvantages of using technology, and therefore make better-informed choices about technology use; • how to integrate distance education with traditional educational models and approaches.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:26J6H6AI 2317526:754E3R6X
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:Africa; A:Sub-Saharan Africa; C:South Africa; CA:AandC; CL:en; CL:pt; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:F; CT:P; CT:Q; CT:T; F:learning; F:policy; P:measurement; P:media; P:teacher education; Q:ICT; Q:ODEL; Q:distance education; Q:distance learning; Q:educational technology; Q:open learning; T:Ausbildung; T:Educação Profissional Técnica de Nível Médio; T:Educação profissionalizante; T:Fortbildung; T:Lehrlingsausbildung; T:TVET; T:continuing education; T:work-based learning; publicImportV1; ⛔ No DOI found

A review of traditional Ghanaian and Western philosophies of adult education - Fordjor, P; Kotoh, A,; Kpeli, K Kumah (International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2003)
The primary objective of this article is to critically examine some aspects of the traditional Ghanaian and Western philosophies of adult education. It is a well-attested fact that many of the pre-colonial and early colonial writers about Africa portrayed Africa as a dark continent devoid of advanced centres of learning worthy of emulation by others. The old West African civilizations of Ghana, Mali and Songhai with advanced centres of learning at Timbuktu and Djenne in the 11th century seemed to have been completely ignored by these writers (Boahen 1967: 20, Davidson 1966b: 50). Even though many other writers including several missionaries, anthropologists and historians, depicted Africa in a rather positive and scientific manner (Davidson 1966b, Goody 1966), much of the negative image created long ago still exists and needs to be examined and corrected. The formal Western system of school education was introduced in Ghana more than a century ago. Despite this, about 60% of the adult population today makes its living as illiterate farmers, workers, apprentices or master craftsmen in the various traditional art and craft production centres. Consequently, traditional adult education continues to play an important role in the social and economic development of the country. Like the Western system of adult education the Ghanaian traditional education has sound philosophical foundations, which have helped to maintain political stability and social cohesion in the country over the years. Much is written about Western and eastern philosophies but there is a dearth of literature on philosophies of adult education from Africa. Given that Africa is the second largest continent on the globe and that adult education proliferates throughout the continent, the authors felt their investigation would make a significant contribution to a global understanding of the field. Additionally, there is an increasing need for African students to appreciate and re-establish confidence in their own culture. This review cannot cover all of Africa so the focus is on Ghana, one country in West Africa.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/0260137032000055321 10/ctk58c 2129771:MUC9B2B7 2317526:ZSV69QYX UTI-AF2875F6-DE57-37C7-9363-E343430A2EF5
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:Africa; A:West Africa; CA:AandC; CL:en; CL:pt; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:P; CT:Q; CT:T; P:measurement; Q:adult education; T:Lehrlingsausbildung; T:Training; T:apprentice; _C:Canada CAN; _C:Denmark DNK; _C:Germany DEU; _C:Ghana GHA; _C:Greece GRC; _C:Mali MLI; _C:Nigeria NGA; _C:Tanzania TZA; _C:Trinidad and Tobago TTO; _C:United Kingdom GBR; _C:United States USA; __C:filed:1; __C:scheme:1; publicImportV1

Information and Communication Technologies in Library and Information Science Education in Kenya - Minishi-Majanja, Mabel K.; Ocholla, Dennis N. (Education for Information, 2003)
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become central to education and training in Library and Information Science/Service (LIS) because of the great influence of these technologies on the professional world. This study on Kenya is part of a larger doctoral research project that aims to map and audit the types, nature and diffusion of ICTs in LIS education and training programmes in Africa. The findings indicate that all LIS schools in Kenya have embraced the use of ICTs, but there are major variations in terms of application. All but one LIS School offers a wide range of relevant ICT courses, many of them as core modules. However, not all of them offer, or are able to offer, practical hands-on experience for their students. In teaching and learning, only a few LIS schools use ICTs to deliver lectures, the majority still favouring age-old methods of face-to-face classroom teaching. In research, the lack of ICT facilities has resulted in partial and minimal use of ICTs, especially since academic staff have to pay (individually, from private funds) to access the Internet. For the same reasons electronic publishing of research results on the Internet is low. In terms of academic administration, most LIS schools have computerised but most activities still are conducted offline due to networking inadequacies. The study recommends that Kenyan LIS schools should increase the use of ICTs in teaching and learning to foster greater effectiveness. Kenyan LIS schools should strive to provide online and distance education in order to open more learning opportunities for the nation. (Contains 5 tables and 1 footnote.)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:W26XGJ5W 2317526:7SLJ32G9 LOCAL-PQ-61845047
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:Africa; C:Kenya; CA:AandC; CL:en; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:F; CT:P; CT:Q; CT:R; CT:T; F:access; F:assessment; F:attitude; F:curriculum; F:learning; F:offline; F:pay; F:teaching; P:administration; P:electro; P:nature; P:services; P:technology; Q:ICT; Q:distance education; R:evaluation; R:questionnaire; SpecialTopic:Library; T:Classroom teaching; T:Training; Z:Administrator Attitudes; Z:Curriculum Evaluation; Z:Deans; Z:Educational Assessment; Z:Educational Development; Z:Educational Indicators; Z:Foreign Countries; Z:Information Science Education; Z:Information Technology; Z:Institutional Characteristics; Z:Questionnaires; Z:Technology Integration; Z:Technology Uses in Education; Z:Use Studies; publicImportV1; ❓ Multiple DOI

The impact of school mapping in the development of education in Tanzania: an assessment of the experiences of six districts - Galabawa, Justinian C. J.; Agu, Augustine Obeleagu; Miyazawa, Ichiro (Evaluation and Program Planning, 2002)
In this study the authors have looked at the impact of school mapping in the development of education in Tanzania. The study examined the experiences of six districts where school mapping exercises were carried out. The key question that guided the study is what happened after school mapping. Through a combination of instruments and/or techniques—interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussion, and document analysis, the study found that school mapping impacted in varying degrees positively on the development of education in the districts in terms of increased enrollment and attendance, decreased incidents of dropping out, improved information for decision making, and enhanced capacities of field actors to plan and take action. The authors conclusively argued that for the benefits of school mapping to be maximized and sustained, it should not be a one shot activity for data collection purposes only. Rather, it should be an on-going process of assessment, analysis, and action.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/S0149-7189(01)00046-5 2129771:5DICP3CA
Keywords: _C:Central African Republic CAF; _C:France FRA; _C:Ghana GHA; _C:India IND; _C:Japan JPN; _C:Kenya KEN; _C:Tanzania TZA; _C:Uganda UGA; __C:filed:1; __C:scheme:1

Private Technical and Vocational Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Provision Patterns and Policy Issues. New Trends in Technical and Vocational Education - Atchoarena, David; Esquieu, Paul (International Institute for Educational Planning, 2002)
The private provision trend in technical and vocational education (TVE) in sub-Saharan Africa occurred as the deterioration of state-run TVE systems in the region created a market niche for private providers. While advocates of deregulation believe the adoption of market principles in TVE will lead to greater efficiency and effectiveness, private providers have emerged in an uncoordinated and unmonitored fashion. A literature review and case studies of two countries Senegal and Mali led to some of the following key findings: (1) in some countries the majority of TVE students are enrolled in private institutions; (2) a large number of private TVE institutions operate illegally; (3) private provision concentrates on the service and commercial trades; and (4) the private sector may operate with lower costs and be more responsive to the labor market, but they do not provide much job-related training or include work-experience programs. Some of the policy issues are as follows: (1) simplifying procedures for establishing private TVE institutions facilitates their growth but is not sufficient to prevent the growth of an illegal sector; (2) the lack of regulation for private TVE institutions raises complex issues regarding the mechanisms required to ensure quality and protect consumers against abuses; and (3) for private TVE to succeed, students and the programs themselves must receive some public funding and develop relationships with industry. (Includes 84 references.) (MO)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:GYDI5ALR 2317526:87DIRPTS LOCAL-eric:ED480333
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; A:Sub-Saharan Africa; C:Mali; C:Senegal; CA:AandC; CC:Mali; CC:Senegal; CL:de; CL:en; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:F; CT:P; CT:Q; CT:R; CT:T; Case Study; F:policy; F:regulation; P:mechanic; P:services; Q:Postsecondary Education; R:case study; R:literature review; T:TVET; T:Training; T:vocational school; Z:Case Studies; Z:Compliance (Legal); Z:Education Work Relationship; Z:Educational Development; Z:Educational Finance; Z:Educational Policy; Z:Educational Quality; Z:Federal Regulation; Z:Foreign Countries; Z:Free Enterprise System; Z:Government Role; Z:Government School Relationship; Z:Postsecondary Education; Z:Private Education; Z:Proprietary Schools; Z:Public Education; Z:Quality Control; Z:School Business Relationship; Z:Vocational Education; Z:Vocational Schools; publicImportV1; ⛔ No DOI found

Improving micro-planningin education througha Geographical Information SystemStudies on Ethiopia and Palestine - Attfield, Ian; Tamiru, Mathewos; Parolin, Bruno; De Grauwe, Anton (2002)
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:ALELB33F
Keywords: _C:Argentina ARG; _C:Australia AUS; _C:Cambodia KHM; _C:Chile CHL; _C:Denmark DNK; _C:Egypt EGY; _C:Eritrea ERI; _C:Ethiopia ETH; _C:Finland FIN; _C:France FRA; _C:Germany DEU; _C:Iceland ISL; _C:India IND; _C:Ireland IRL; _C:Israel ISR; _C:Italy ITA; _C:Japan JPN; _C:Jordan JOR; _C:Malaysia MYS; _C:Namibia NAM; _C:Nepal NPL; _C:Norway NOR; _C:South Africa ZAF; _C:State of Palestine PSE; _C:Sweden SWE; _C:Switzerland CHE; _C:Tunisia TUN; _C:United Kingdom GBR; _C:United States USA; __C:filed:1; __C:scheme:1

A Quality assessment of education and for Kenya's tour-operating sector - Mayaka, M; King, B (Current Issues in Tourism, 2002)
This study examines the provision of tourism education and training in Kenya in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa and developing countries. Specifically the paper examines the human resource skills needed by Kenya’s tour-operating sector and the extent to which current training provision is adequate. The approach used in the present study is a modified version of WTO’s Tourism Education and Quality (TEDQUAL) methodology. The results indicate considerable convergence between the perceptions of industry operators and education providers concerning quality gaps in the development of skills. A number of systemic training shortcomings are identified including curriculum deficiencies and the inadequate development and enhancement of workplace skills. In view of the resource constraints facing most developing countries, it is argued that tourism trainingandeducation should consciously address the needs of the locally-based industry and that such an approach should result in a more effective education and training system.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/13683500208667911 10/dkhvf5 2129771:NHULUCSM 2317526:2ZMSW74Z
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:Sub-Saharan Africa; C:Kenya; CA:AandC; CL:en; CL:pt; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:D; CT:F; CT:P; CT:T; D:developing country; F:assessment; P:measurement; P:technology; P:tourism; T:Ausbildung; _C:Algeria DZA; _C:Australia AUS; _C:Canada CAN; _C:Congo XCO; _C:Egypt EGY; _C:France FRA; _C:Ghana GHA; _C:Indonesia IDN; _C:Japan JPN; _C:Kenya KEN; _C:Namibia NAM; _C:Netherlands NLD; _C:New Zealand NZL; _C:Nigeria NGA; _C:Singapore SGP; _C:United States USA; __C:filed:1; __C:scheme:1; publicImportV1

General and Further Education and Training Quality Assurance Act Nº58 - Government of South Africa (2001)
UA-1a6bde11-123e-41f7-957c-aaee9859b58f KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:SP966LAJ 2317526:MUJYGBFC
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -GeneralCitations; CC:South Africa; Quality Assurance; publicImportV1

Computer literacy among practical arts teachers in swaziland vocational schools - Hlophe, Zanele F.; Mindebele, CBS (Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2001)
This article reports findings of a study conducted in Swaziland to determine computer literacy skills of teachers of agriculture, commerce, home economics and technical studies in 16 pilot vocational schools. These teachers are expected to teach the new vocationalised curriculum of the four subjects. Findings revealed that the teachers lacked the basic computer knowledge and skills needed in the newly vocationalised curriculum that was to be mounted in the year 2000 with the financial assistance (loan) from the African Development Bank. However, the teachers indicated a strong interest in taking computer technology courses. © 2001 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1080/13636820100200161 10/cxxtx9 2129771:3GU7567E 2317526:VP54IRPY
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:Africa; A:Sub-Saharan Africa; C:eSwatini; CA:AandC; CL:en; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:F; CT:P; CT:Q; CT:T; F:curriculum; P:agriculture; P:economy; P:services; P:teachers; P:technology; Q:educational technology; T:TVET; T:Training; T:vocational school; publicImportV1

Local community training and education in southern Tanzania—a case study - Howe, Vicki (Marine Policy, 2001)
Abstract Local coastal communities are highly dependent upon the marine environment not only for protein but also as a primary source of income. In addition, there are growing economic opportunities offered within the coastal zone. As populations increase in these areas there is an increasing demand on coastal resources. This in turn requires effective management initiatives at regional, national and local levels.The Marine Education and Training Programme in Mtwara, southern Tanzania was a small scale capacity building project that incorporated two elements; a primary schools field day education programme and a marine coastal resources course for fishermen and women from the Mtwara District. The programme ran for a period of 1year and during that time 14 schools, 198 children, 34 fishermen, 2 women and 14 villages participated. Results from preliminary evaluation indicated that such education is not only welcome by the local government offices, teachers, village chairmen and fishermen as an expansion of the knowledge base, but is also an important and valuable stepping stone for the local communities to become active in issues regarding the management of coastal resources.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 10.1016/s0308-597x(01)00029-x 10/bkddg8 2129771:8F3ZUDIB 2317526:I83Z95UT
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:East Africa; C:Tanzania; CA:AandC; CCZ:Tanzania; CL:en; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:F; CT:P; CT:R; CT:T; F:women; P:economy; P:environment; P:teachers; R:case study; R:evaluation; T:Training; Z:Capacity building; Z:East Africa; Z:Local community; Z:Marine environmental education; publicImportV1

Pharmaceutical education in the South African multicultural society - Summers, R; Haavik, C; Summers, B; Moola, F; Lowes, M; Enslin, G (American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2001)
In 1995, South Africa commenced the implementation of a new quality assurance program at all educational levels, which promotes outcomes-based education. Degree programs and academic institutions have to be accredited by the South African Qualifications Authority through discipline-specific Education Training and Quality Assurance bodies. In response to these changes in education structure, the South African Pharmacy Council has developed outcomes-based competency standards for entry-level pharmacists. On the basis of these standards, the School of Pharmacy of the Medical University of Southern Africa, which served a non-white population during the apartheid era, and the Technikon Pretoria, which served a predominantly white student population, have jointly established an integrated, problem-based BPharm curriculum. The student intake on the program reflects the South African demographic composition. The course is designed to meet both the competency requirements and the needs of historically disadvantaged sections of the community. It is now in its third year, with encouraging pass rates.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:D6AT4C4Y 2317526:654WSUFT
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:Sub-Saharan Africa; C:South Africa; CA:AandC; CL:de; CL:en; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:F; CT:P; CT:Q; CT:T; F:curriculum; F:outcomes; F:qualification; F:standards; P:media; P:technology; Q:degree; T:Ausbildung; publicImportV1; ⛔ No DOI found

The Case of Non-formal Education Provisions in Namibia - Indabawa, SA (2000)
There are established and irrefutable evidences which show the symbiotic and dialectical links between education and development. (Aklilpelu,'90, Duke,'85;Obaiiewa.'84, Omolewa.'94;Indabawa,'94; and Sagcan.'97). Education can liberate and make human beings more completely human (Freire); it can empower especially the disadvantaged groups. It is also capable of being an instrument for the eradication of literacy, preventable diseases, social apathy, social immobility and can as well enhance the human potential for greater economic productivity and reduction of human social inequality, (Anipene,'80; Adiseshiah,'80;Duke,'83; and Indabawa,'91). Given this background. all investment in educational provisions, whether formal or nonformal. will be well justified. However, this is not to suggest that education on its own will be the only precondition for human development. Education too, has its own damaging consequences on society, especially if it is used as a vehicle for promoting less than the general good of society; or it turns out to be irelevant to the popular needs ( Ayandele,'74;Akinpelu,'97; Shirley,'96). The aim of this paper is to stimulate discussion of and interest in Nonformal Educational Provisions in the Republic of Namibia. In facilitating this, ttention will be paid to seven basic issues as follows: Country background, Concept of Nonformal Education. Policy context of nonformal education provisions; Diversity of provisions; relation to formal education; Relevance of programmes to beneficiaries and Impact.
KerkoCite.ItemAlsoKnownAs: 2129771:WGLYBLCM 2317526:EAKDLNLQ UTI-315AB96B-C20B-3E81-8B60-CC3942F5FEAE
Keywords: -FullBiblioUHMLgen; -RRQ:H:final; -RRQ:U:final; A:West Africa; C:Namibia; CA:AandC; CL:en; CLL:en; CLS:en; CT:A; CT:C; CT:F; CT:P; CT:Q; CT:T; F:ministry; P:culture; Q:higher education; Q:open learning; T:TVET; publicImportV1; ⛔ No DOI found