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In the human development effort, different countries are underscoring the role of TVET in providing relevant knowledge and skills to improve productivity, increase access to employment opportunities and raise the standard of living. It is in recognition of this that, in all Ethiopian educational development endeavors, TVET has been considered to play a key role to tackle the country’s socioeconomic underdevelopment through knowledgeable and skillful manpower. Since its introduction in 1941, TVET has been guided by different policies and strategies adopted by successive governments who came to power at different times. This thesis investigates how TVET has reached the current stage of its development in Ethiopia and the challenges encountered in implementing a competence-based system aimed at improving present and future TVET practices. This introduction opens with the general state of affairs in Ethiopia as a basis for considering TVET to be a pivotal component of its socio-economic development. Describing the context in which the different studies in this thesis were conducted, this introduction closes with an introduction of the research questions that guided the different studies presented as separate chapters